ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Impairment of Autophagy Causes Superoxide Formation and Caspase Activation in 661 W Cells, a Cell Line for Cone Photoreceptors, under Hyperglycemic Conditions.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycosylation gene-based molecular recognition model for diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- RETINAL PHOTORECEPTORS AND ARTERIOLES ALTERATIONS DETECTED USING ADAPTIVE OPTICS SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY IN DIABETES AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- A review of the 661W cell line as a tool to facilitate treatment development for retinal diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Upregulation of SQSTM1 Regulates Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Müller Cells of the Diabetic Neural Retina by Modulating ACSL4.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Impaired Removal of the Damaged Mitochondria in the Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated with Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Autophagy in the retinal neurovascular unit: New perspectives into diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Role of mitophagy in ocular neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- The ideal treatment timing for diabetic retinopathy: the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying early-stage diabetic retinopathy are a matter of concern.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- AUTOPHAGY IN THE EYE: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOPHYSOLOGY.Autophagy reports · 2023Article
- Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and removal of the damaged mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Research Progress on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- mTOR Signalling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Diabetic retinopathy: Involved cells, biomarkers, and treatments.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Autophagy: A Novel Pharmacological Target in Diabetic Retinopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Microfluidic and Microscale Assays to Examine Regenerative Strategies in the Neuro Retina.Micromachines · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microvascular changes are the earliest adverse events in diabetic retinopathy, but recent studies have shown that oxidative stress induced by photoreceptors is associated with the development of the retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles played by superoxides formed by photoreceptors under hyperglycemic conditions on autophagy. To accomplish this, we cultured 661 W cells, a transformed murine cone cell line, with 5.5 or 25 mM glucose in the presence or absence of 3 methyl adenine (3MA) or rapamycin. The superoxides were determined by flow cytometry using hydroethidine as a fluorescence probe. The autophagy activity was determined by changes in the expression of LC3B2 and P62 by immunoblotting. The degree of mitophagy was determined by the accumulation of mitochondria and lysosomes. Apoptotic changes of 661 W cells were determined by the caspase 3/7 activities. Our results showed higher levels of P62 and superoxides in cells cultured in 25 mM glucose than in 5.5 mM glucose. Addition of 3MA caused a significant increase of P62, superoxides, and caspase 3/7 activities in the 661 W cells cultured in high glucose but not in low glucose. These findings suggest that autophagy is important for the functioning and survival of 661 W cells under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Registered trials
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