ArticleToxins2020
The Synergism of PGN, LTA and LPS in Inducing Transcriptome Changes, Inflammatory Responses and a Decrease in Lactation as Well as the Associated Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.
Article in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulation of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Epigenetic editing of the STAT5B promoter attenuates milk nutrient loss in a bovine mastitis cell model.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- TLR2-PI3K/Akt mediated microbe-mimetic priming boosts the therapeutic paracrine function of GelMA-Encapsulated MSCs for diabetic wound regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Ferroptosis Collectively Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-6 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of Modified Attapulgite on Daily Weight Gain, Serum Indexes and Serum Metabolites in Fattening Beef Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Impact ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting PANoptosis in Bacterial-Induced Inflammatory Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Unveiling the role of lipopolysaccharide-related genes in diabetic retinopathy: identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- The role of lipopolysaccharides in diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Review
- IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- NOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- NF-κB-Dependent Snail Expression Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mastitis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Transcriptome and Literature Mining Highlight the Differential Expression of ERLIN1 in Immune Cells during Sepsis.Biology · 2021Article
- Sodium Butyrate More Effectively Mitigates the Negative Effects of High-Concentrate Diet in Dairy Cows than SodiumToxins · 2021Article
- Article
- Impacts of Epigenetic Processes on the Health and Productivity of Livestock.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mastitis is usually caused by a variety of pathogenic bacteria that include both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of Gram-negative bacteria, and peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are those of Gram-positive bacteria. The effects of LPS, PGN and/or LTA on inflammatory response and lactation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are well studied, but the epigenetic mechanisms of their effects received less attention. Furthermore, since the three PAMPs are often simultaneously present in the udder of cows with mastitis, it has implications in practice to study their additive effects. The results show that co-stimulation of bovine mammary epithelial cells with PGN, LTA, and LPS induced a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and greater expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, and CXCL6. In addition, co-stimulation further increased DNA hypomethylation compared with sole LPS stimulation. Co-stimulation greatly decreased casein expression but did not further decrease histone acetylation levels and affect the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), compared with sole LPS stimulation. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PGN, LTA, and LPS had an additive effect on inducing transcriptome changes and inflammatory responses in BMECs, probably through inducing a greater decrease in DNA methylation. Co-stimulation with PGN, LTA, and LPS decreased casein expression to a greater degree, but it might not be linked to histone acetylation and HAT and HDAC activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.