ArticleJCI insight2020
Reduced HIV-1 latent reservoir outgrowth and distinct immune correlates among women in Rakai, Uganda.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Tamoxifen on Vorinostat-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5366, The MOXIE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Effect of ligands and HIV latency-reversing agents on estrogen receptor α in CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- HIV-1 viral load and reservoir size remain stable following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with HIV.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- What's Hot in HIV in 2025-A Basic and Translational Science Review From IDWeek 2025.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Limited Sex-Based Differences in Viral Outcomes of ART-Treated SIV/SHIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of HIV SMRTcap for the characterization of HIV-1 reservoirs across tissues and subtypes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Estrogen Modulation of B Cell Immunity: Implications for HIV Control and Therapeutic Strategies.Comprehensive physiology · 2025Review
- Sex differences in HIV-1 reservoir cell selection are linked to altered innate immune profiles.Science translational medicine · 2025Observational
- Selective decline of intact HIV reservoirs during the first decade of ART followed by stabilization in memory T cell subsets.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Association between HIV-1 Nef-mediated MHC-I downregulation and the maintenance of the replication-competent latent viral reservoir in individuals with virally suppressed HIV-1 in Uganda: an exploratory cohort study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Rebound Virus Consists of a Small Number of Lineages That Entered the Reservoir Close to ART Initiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV cure research contributions from Africa in the last three decades.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Effective and targeted latency reversal in CD4Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- HIV-1 subtype A1, D, and recombinant proviral genome landscapes during long-term suppressive therapy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Specific quantification of inducible HIV-1 reservoir by RT-LAMP.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 infection remains incurable owing to the persistence of a viral reservoir that harbors integrated provirus within host cellular DNA. Increasing evidence links sex-based differences in HIV-1 immune responses and pathogenesis; however, little is known about differences in HIV-1 infection persistence. Here, we quantified persistent HIV-1 infection in 90 adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda (57 female patients). Total HIV-1 DNA was quantified by PCR, and replication-competent provirus by quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA). Immune phenotyping of T cell subsets and plasma biomarkers was also performed. We found that whereas both sexes had similar total HIV DNA levels, female patients had significantly fewer resting CD4+ T cells harboring replication-competent virus, as measured by viral outgrowth in the QVOA. Factors associated with viral outgrowth differed by sex; notably, frequency of programmed cell death 1 (PD1+) CD4+ T cells correlated with reservoir size in male but not female patients. The sex-based differences in HIV-1 persistence observed in this cohort warrant additional research, especially given the widespread use of the QVOA to assess reservoir size and current explorations of PD1 agonists in cure protocols. Efforts should be made to power future cure studies to assess outcomes in both male and female patients.
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