SynthesisAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2020
Salivary lactoferrin as biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: Brain-immunity interactions.
Synthesis in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Salivary lactoferrin as biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: Brain-immunity interactions.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020Pooled it
- Lactoferrin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Exhibit Differential Associations with Alzheimer's Disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Relationship between salivary lactoferrin level and brain amyloid load in periodontal and non-periodontal subjects.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Article
- Salivary lactoferrin levels in Down Syndrome: a case-control study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Differences in Plasma Lactoferrin Concentrations Between Subjects with Normal Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An Update of Salivary Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Are current etiological theories of Alzheimer's disease falsifiable? An epistemological assessment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Reduced Salivary Lactoferrin Levels in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review of Alzheimers Disease Hypotheses: An Array of Uni- and Multi-Factorial Theories.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical evidence of human pathogens implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology and the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials: an overview.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Employing nanoparticle tracking analysis of salivary neuronal exosomes for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- [Developments in Research on Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Review
- Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Aptasensor Made of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Detecting Lactoferrin at Low Concentrations.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Neuroprotective Role of Lactoferrin during Early Brain Development and Injury through Lifespan.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aim to explain why salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels are reduced in patients suffering mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD).
backgroundSeveral non-neurological alterations have been described in sAD, mainly in skin, blood cell, and immunological capacities. We reviewed briefly the main pathophysiological theories of sAD (amyloid cascade, tau, unfolder protein tau, and amyloid deposits) emphasizing the most brain based hypotheses such as the updated tau-related neuron skeletal hypothesis; we also comment on the systemic theories that emphasize the fetal origin of the complex disorders that include the low inflammatory and immunity theories of sAD. NEW/UPDATED HYPOTHESIS: Lf has important anti-infectious and immunomodulatory roles in health and disease. We present the hypothesis that the reduced levels of saliva Lf could be an effect of immunological disturbances associated to sAD. Under this scenario, two alternative pathways are possible: first, whether sAD could be a systemic disorder (or disorders) related to early immunological and low inflammatory alterations; second, if systemic immunity alterations of sAD manifestations could be downstream of early sAD brain affectations. MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR THE HYPOTHESIS: The major challenge of the Lf as early sAD biomarker would be its validation in other clinical and population-based studies. It is possible the decreased salivary Lf in early sAD could be related to immunological modulation actions, but other different unknown mechanisms could be the origin of such reduction. LINKAGE TO OTHER MAJOR THEORIES: This hypothesis is in agreement with two physiopathological explanations of the sAD as a downstream process determined by the early lesions of the hypothalamus and autonomic vegetative system (neurodegeneration), or as a consequence of low neuroinflammation and dysimmunity since the early life aggravated in the elderly (immunosenescence).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.