ArticleMolecular ecology2020
Genomic evidence for gene flow between monarchs with divergent migratory phenotypes and flight performance.
Article in Molecular ecology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Variation Predominates Over Developmental Temperature-Induced Plasticity in Shaping Migratory Flight Capacity in the Diamondback Moth.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- From skylight cues to magnetic fields: the toolkit of insect long-distance navigation.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Review
- Eastern North American Monarch Butterfly Conservation Needs and Opportunities: What the Science Tells Us.Insects · 2026Review
- A north-south hemispheric migratory divide in the butterfly Vanessa cardui.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tales of a Super Butterfly: Is Vanessa carye a Truly Migrant Species? Unraveling Migration Using Morphological and Genomics Approaches.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The impact of temperature on the reproductive development, body condition and mortality of autumn migrating monarch butterflies in the laboratory.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Trans-Atlantic Dispersal and Introgression Explain Holarctic Disjunct Distributions in Vanessa Butterflies.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Inferring the relative importance of navigation and landscape effects for migratory populations using agent-based models.Ecological modelling · 2025Article
- Isotope geolocation and population genomics inPNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Toward a comparative framework for studies of altitudinal migration.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- A comparison of the large-scale gene expression patterns in summer and fall migratoryEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Mapping seasonal migration in a songbird hybrid zone -- heritability, genetic correlations, and genomic patterns linked to speciation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Modular switches shift monarch butterfly migratory flight behavior at their Mexican overwintering sites.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Migration genetics take flight: genetic and genomic insights into monarch butterfly migration.Current opinion in insect science · 2023Review
- Spatiotemporal segregation by migratory phenotype indicates potential for assortative mating in lake sturgeon.Oecologia · 2023Article
- Migratory behaviour is positively associated with genetic diversity in butterflies.Molecular ecology · 2023Article
- Monarch Butterfly Ecology, Behavior, and Vulnerabilities in North Central United States Agricultural Landscapes.Bioscience · 2022Review
- Migratory behaviour of Brown planthopper,3 Biotech · 2022Article
- Population genetics of a recent range expansion and subsequent loss of migration in monarch butterflies.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Monarch butterflies are known for their spectacular annual migration in eastern North America, with millions of monarchs flying up to 4,500 km to overwintering sites in central Mexico. Monarchs also live west of the Rocky Mountains, where they travel shorter distances to overwinter along the Pacific Coast. It is often assumed that eastern and western monarchs form distinct evolutionary units, but genomic studies to support this notion are lacking. We used a tethered flight mill to show that migratory eastern monarchs have greater flight performance than western monarchs, consistent with their greater migratory distances. However, analysing more than 20 million SNPs in 43 monarch genomes, we found no evidence for genomic differentiation between eastern and western monarchs. Genomic analysis also showed identical and low levels of genetic diversity, and demographic analyses indicated similar effective population sizes and ongoing gene flow between eastern and western monarchs. Gene expression analysis of a subset of candidate genes during active flight revealed differential gene expression related to nonmuscular motor activity. Our results demonstrate that eastern and western monarchs maintain migratory differences despite ongoing gene flow, and suggest that migratory differences between eastern and western monarchs are not driven by select major-effects alleles. Instead, variation in migratory distance and destination may be driven by environmentally induced differential gene expression or by many alleles of small effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.