Trial reportScience China. Life sciences2021
Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neuronavigation for the treatment of depression by individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex.
Trial report in Science China. Life sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common neural dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: Insights from a meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Brain-wide changes in excitation-inhibition balance of major depressive disorder: a systematic review of topographic patterns of GABA- and glutamatergic alterations.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Task-guided accelerated cTBS simultaneously treats depression and social dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Cognitive Remediation in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Trial by Sequential tDCS and Navigated rTMS Targeting the Primary Visual Cortex.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Cognitive enhancing effect of rTMS combined with tDCS in patients with major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Targeted visual cortex stimulation (TVCS): a novel neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mode for improving cognitive function in bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Deep learning reveals a neurocomputational mechanism predicting depression risk in adolescents.Science advances · 2026Article
- Unveiling the enigma of anxiety disorders and depression: from pathogenesis to treatment.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Benefits and Adverse Effects in Patients with Depression: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Distinct Biotypes of Visual Perception in Major Depressive Disorder.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Acute and long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive episodes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials.Research square · 2026Article
- Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity in amygdala subregions among adolescents with depression and suicide attempts.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effect of database, pre-processing pipeline, and scan duration on rs-fMRI functional connectivity based treatment targets for TMS obtained using the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) protocol.Psychoradiology · 2026Article
- Exploring potential value of neutrophil extracellular traps in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Visuomotor dysconnectivity as a candidate mechanism of psychomotor agitation in major depression.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in Neural Activities and Neuroplasticity Related to Nonpharmacological Interventions for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Review
- Brain structural and functional aberrant of hippocampal subregions was associated with somatic depression.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the visual cortex (VC) provides effective and well-tolerated treatment and whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures functional change of the VC as a biomarker of therapeutic effect in major depressive disorder (MDD), we performed a sham-controlled, double-blind, randomized, three-arm VC rTMS treatment study in 74 MDD patients. Neuronavigated rTMS (10 Hz, 90% of resting motor threshold, 1,600 pulses over 20 min twice per day) was performed over the VC for five days. Clinical outcome was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and after terminating rTMS, with follow-up at four weeks. MRI was measured at days 0 and 5. The individualized group exhibited the greatest change in HAMD-24 scores after VC rTMS for 5 days (F=5.53, P=0.005), which were maintained during follow-up period (F=4.22, P=0.016). All patients reported good tolerance. Changes in VC task-related functional MRI correlated with symptomatic reduction in the individualized group. Treatment reduced the initially abnormal increase in resting state functional connectivity from the VC to the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex at day 5, especially in the individualized group. We demonstrated therapeutic potential and good tolerance of VC rTMS in MDD patients, indicated by biomarkers of fMRI measurement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.