ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2021
Immune suppression in gliomas.
Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- LAK to CIK continuum in glioma immunotherapy: a systematic review of efficacy and safety outcomes.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Trilaciclib for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in solid tumor patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Glioblastoma Progression and Treg-Mediated Immune Resistance.Cancers · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming and Neurotransmitter Signaling Co-Option in the Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Dual-Axis Regulation of Immunosuppression.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Integration of machine learning to develop a disulfidptosis model for predicting glioma prognosis, immunotherapy response, and drug.iScience · 2026Article
- Glioma-Immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: mechanistic insights and therapeutic translation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Identification of RBX1 as a regulator of LIPT1 transcription and its role in copper-induced cell death in GBM cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Unconventional guardians of the brain: MAIT cells as emerging players in glioblastoma immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunological Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Targeting T and NK Cells for Enhanced Diagnosis and Prognosis.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exposure-aware multi-omics and artificial intelligence for biomarker discovery and precision prevention in diffuse glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic lymphocyte heterogeneity in glioblastoma: insights from single-cell and spatial multiomics toward precision immunotherapeutic reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microcargos with Megaeffects: A Literature Review of Immunomodulatory, Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Dimensions of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Novel Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Medical comorbidities prognosticate survival in glioblastoma.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Multilayered insights into the full spectrum of diffuse gliomas: a novel prognostic evaluation model.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe overall survival in patients with gliomas has not significantly increased in the modern era, despite advances such as immunotherapy. This is in part due to their notorious ability to suppress local and systemic immune responses, severely restricting treatment efficacy.
methodsWe have reviewed the preclinical and clinical evidence for immunosuppression seen throughout the disease process in gliomas. This review aims to discuss the various ways that brain tumors, and gliomas in particular, co-opt the body's immune system to evade detection and ensure tumor survival and proliferation.
resultsA multitude of mechanisms are discussed by which neoplastic cells evade detection and destruction by the immune system. These include tumor-induced T-cell and NK cell dysfunction, regulatory T-cell and myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion, M2 phenotypic transformation in glioma-associated macrophages/microglia, upregulation of immunosuppressive glioma cell surface factors and cytokines, tumor microenvironment hypoxia, and iatrogenic sequelae of immunosuppressive treatments.
conclusionsGliomas create a profoundly immunosuppressive environment, both locally within the tumor and systemically. Future research should aim to address these immunosuppressive mechanisms in the effort to generate treatment options with meaningful survival benefits for this patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.