ReviewClinical science (London, England : 1979)2020
Microvascular disease in chronic kidney disease: the base of the iceberg in cardiovascular comorbidity.
Review in Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of glomerular filtration rate in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Endostatin, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia among older people: a secondary analysis of the screening for CKD among older people across Europe (SCOPE) study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Helical Alignment of Smooth Muscle Cells to Form a Medial Layer for Engineered Microvasculature.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Chronic kidney disease and stromal cell-derived factor 1α peptide-functionalization impact on polycarbonate-bisurea based in situ tissue-engineered vascular graft dynamics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Serum Osteoprotegerin Is Associated Independently with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction in Geriatric Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Endothelial ADGRF5(GPR116) governs vascular adaptation required for sustained thermogenic remodeling of brown adipose tissue.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Assessing the Health and Functionality of the Microcirculation Using Thermal Imaging.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Review
- Review
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition improves age-dependent kidney microvascular rarefaction.Kidney international · 2026Article
- A Novel Murine Model Integrating Peripheral Arterial Disease and Multiorgan Dysfunction: Unraveling Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Complexity.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Dialyzer characteristics are associated with differential effects on intradialytic microvascular tissue perfusion.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Article
- Multimodal Detection of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiorenal medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond biochemistry: multiparametric ultrasound parameters and their molecular correlates in cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2026Review
- Identification of risk factors for type 2 diabetes across age-based proxies of early and late postmenopausal stages in prediabetic women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Structural brain changes, cerebral oxygenation, and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Autonomic-vascular dysregulation in CKD-associated hypertension: a narrative review with evidence hierarchy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- A General-Purpose Framework for Microvascular Reconstruction and Quantitative Analysis in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy.BME frontiers · 2026Article
- Analyzing the association of estimated pulse wave velocity with the risk and mortality of chronic kidney disease: a study based on the NHANES database.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relentlessly progressive disease with a very high mortality mainly due to cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is well documented in CKD and permanent loss of endothelial homeostasis leads to progressive organ damage. Most of the vast endothelial surface area is part of the microcirculation, but most research in CKD-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been devoted to macrovascular complications. We have reviewed all publications evaluating structure and function of the microcirculation in humans with CKD and animals with experimental CKD. Microvascular rarefaction, defined as a loss of perfused microvessels resulting in a significant decrease in microvascular density, is a quintessential finding in these studies. The median microvascular density was reduced by 29% in skeletal muscle and 24% in the heart in animal models of CKD and by 32% in human biopsy, autopsy and imaging studies. CKD induces rarefaction due to the loss of coherent vessel systems distal to the level of smaller arterioles, generating a typical heterogeneous pattern with avascular patches, resulting in a dysfunctional endothelium with diminished perfusion, shunting and tissue hypoxia. Endothelial cell apoptosis, hypertension, multiple metabolic, endocrine and immune disturbances of the uremic milieu and specifically, a dysregulated angiogenesis, all contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis. By setting the stage for the development of tissue fibrosis and end organ failure, microvascular rarefaction is a principal pathogenic factor in the development of severe organ dysfunction in CKD patients, especially CVD, cerebrovascular dysfunction, muscular atrophy, cachexia, and progression of kidney disease. Treatment strategies for microvascular disease are urgently needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.