Observational studyAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2021
Time-of-Day Differences in Treatment-Related Habit Strength and Adherence.
Observational study in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Medication Adherence Behavior Assessed Using a Digital Bottle Cap: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Morning vs Bedtime Dosing and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Reduction in Patients With Hypertension: The OMAN Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- A simple experiment to improve adherence for taking the oral contraceptive pill: An exploratory study of behavioural mechanisms.British journal of health psychology · 2025Trial
- Evaluating Older Adults' Engagement and Usability With AI-Driven Interventions: Randomized Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Boosting behavioral adaptability to enhance older adults' mental health/well-being and quality of life using a habit-based metacognitive self-help intervention.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- The role of medication timing and patient involvement in adherence to treatment for hypertension.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Construction of Personalized Predictive Models for Missed Medication Doses Using Wearable Device Data: Prospective Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Observational
- A pragmatic, multicenter, randomized trial comparing morning versus evening dosing of adjuvant endocrine therapy (REaCT-CHRONO Study).NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Association between higher morning preference and better health-related quality of life in asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Identifying Common Patterns in the Time of Day of Mindfulness Meditation Associated with Long-Term Maintenance.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Objective Habit Metrics and Objective Medication Adherence: Retrospective Study of 15,818 Participants From Clinical Studies.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Medication nonadherence - definition, measurement, prevalence, and causes: reflecting on the past 20 years and looking forwards.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Evaluating Strategies for Enhancing Medication Adherence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA): A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluating Objective Metrics of habit strength for taking medications.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Is Once Versus Twice Daily Dosing Better for Adherence in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Article
- Patients' Perceived Importance of Medication and Adherence in Polypharmacy, a Quantitative, Cross-Sectional Study Using a Questionnaire Administered in Three Doctors' Private Practices in France.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2023Article
- Time of Day Preferences and Daily Temporal Consistency for Predicting the Sustained Use of a Commercial Meditation App: Longitudinal Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Observational
- The Role of Habit Formation and Automaticity in Diabetes Self-Management: Current Evidence and Future Applications.Current diabetes reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany of our daily behaviors are habitual, occurring automatically in response to learned contextual cues, and with minimal need for cognitive and self-regulatory resources. Behavioral habit strength predicts adherence to actions, including to medications. The time of day (morning vs. evening) may influence adherence and habit strength to the degree that stability of contexts/routines varies throughout the day. PURPOSE: The current study evaluates whether patients are more adherent to morning versus evening doses of medication and if morning doses show evidence of greater habit strength than evening doses.
methodsObjective adherence data (exact timing of pill dosing) were collected in an observational study by electronic monitoring pill bottles in a sample of patients on twice-daily pills for Type 2 diabetes (N = 51) over the course of 1 month.
resultsData supported the hypothesis that patients would miss fewer morning than evening pills. However, counter to the hypothesis, variability in dose timing (an indicator of habit strength) was not significantly different for morning versus evening pills.
conclusionsFindings suggest that medication adherence may be greater in the morning than in the evening. However, more research is needed to evaluate the role of habitual action in this greater adherence. Furthermore, future research should evaluate the validity of behavioral timing consistency as an indicator of habit strength.
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