ArticlePloS one2020
The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role of embedded Non-Governmental Organisations and other stakeholders in building resilience to cyclone-related crises in Madagascar: a qualitative study.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Water Quality Index: Physicochemical and Microbiological Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in Maya City, Eastern Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Examining the effects of climate and environmental hazards on vector and water-borne diseases in Eastern Uganda.Discover Environment · 2026Article
- Article
- Water quality and climate variability of urban and tourism areas in Thailand and northern Vietnam: correlations and possible influences on nearby coastal shrimp farms.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Article
- Chemometrics Applied in the Development of a Water Quality Indicator System for the Brazilian Amazon.ACS omega · 2020Article
- Long-term trends in seasonality of mortality in urban Madagascar: the role of the epidemiological transition.Global health action · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low-income cities that are subject to high population pressure and vulnerable to climate events often have a low capacity to continuously deliver safe drinking water. Here we reported the results of a 32-year survey on the temporal dynamics of drinking water quality indicators in the city of Antananarivo. We analyzed the long-term evolution of the quality of the water supplied and characterized the interactions between climatic conditions and the full-scale water supply system. A total of 25,467 water samples were collected every week at different points in the supplied drinking water system. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal Enterococci (IE), and Spores of Sulphite-Reducing Clostridia (SSRC). Nine-hundred-eighty-one samples that were identified as positive for one or more indicators were unevenly distributed over time. The breakpoint method identified four periods when the time series displayed changes in the level and profile of contamination (i) and the monthly pattern of contamination (ii), with more direct effects of rainfall on the quality of supplied drinking water. The modeling showed significantly different lags among indicators of bacteria occurrence after cumulative rainfall, which range from 4 to 8 weeks. Among the effects of low-income urbanization, a rapid demographic transition and the degradation of urban watersheds have gradually affected the quality of the water supplied and resulted in the more direct effects of rainfall events. We focused on the need to adopt an alternative perspective of drinking water and urban watersheds management.
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