ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
A Twin Study of Sex Differences in Genetic Risk for All Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Non-AD Dementia.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- Dementia in type 2 diabetes: risk factors, disease processes and opportunities for prevention across the lifespan.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- The Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) Consortium After Fifteen Years.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2026Article
- Exploring first-degree family history in a cohort of Portuguese Alzheimer's disease patients: population evidence for X-chromosome linked and recessive inheritance of risk factors.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Dementia and mortality in older adults: A twin study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Long-term associations between amyloid positron emission tomography, sex, apolipoprotein E and incident dementia and mortality among individuals without dementia: hazard ratios and absolute risk.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Estimating Likelihood of Dementia in the Absence of Diagnostic Data: A Latent Dementia Index in 10 Genetically Informed Studies.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Measuring heritable contributions to Alzheimer's disease: polygenic risk score analysis with twins.Brain communications · 2022Article
- A Genetically Informed Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Dementia Risk in Older Adults.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Therapeutic considerations for APOE and TOMM40 in Alzheimers disease: A tribute to Allen Roses MD.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2021Article
- Development of a latent dementia index in the aging, demographics, and memory study: Validation and measurement invariance by sex.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical profile from the Brazilian very old 90+ study (BRAVO-90+).Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile sex differences in incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potential explanations have received considerable attention, less attention has been paid to possible sex differences in genetic risk for AD.
objectiveWe examined sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on disease risk and age at onset for All Dementia, AD Only, and Non-AD Dementia.
methodsTwin pairs were drawn from the Swedish Twin Registry. All Dementia analysis included 9,467 pairs; AD only, 8,696 pairs; and non-AD dementia, 8,195 pairs. APOE analyses included 1,740 individual twins with measured ɛ4 alleles. Dementia diagnoses were based on clinical workup and national health registry linkage.
resultsAlthough within-pair correlations for All Dementia and AD Only were higher for women than for men, sex differences did not statistically differ for genetic or environmental etiology of All Dementia, AD Only, and Non-AD dementia. Similar results were observed when looking at specific genetic effects (APOEɛ4). Co-twin control analyses indicated that among twin pairs discordant for dementia, female twins without dementia had approximately 40% greater risk of developing dementia, compared with their male counterparts, in the 2-5 years following the first twin's diagnosis.
conclusionFor All Dementia, AD Only, and Non-AD Dementia, genetic influences could be equated across sex. Co-twin analyses, however, suggest greater risk to female than to male co-twins of dementia cases even though sex differences in either genetic or shared environmental influences on the risk of dementia could not be differentiated.
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