ArticleGut2021
Ranking microbiome variance in inflammatory bowel disease: a large longitudinal intercontinental study.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Microbiota and Fecal Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Searching for a Consensus Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Studies: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications to Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with Practical Guidelines for Interpretation.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2022Pooled it
- The risk of dementia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Eggerthella lenta: metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbial Topology and Metabolic Signatures Associated With Colorectal Neoplasia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Precision nutrition for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Disentangling the gut microbiome and inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases: longitudinal observations from the IBSEN III study.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Fusobacterium varium Exacerbates Neutrophil-driven Intestinal Inflammation Associated with Succinate-SUCNR1-NF-κB Signaling.Inflammation · 2026Article
- The potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of autoantibodies associated with Spondyloarthritis: a narrative review.BMC immunology · 2026Review
- Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Intestinal Disease Therapy: Potential and Challenges.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Performance of IBD machine learning classifiers varies across microbiome training data independent of geographic diversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The butyrate-producing Gram-positive human gut bacterium, Hoskinsella mucinilytica, selectively targets host mucin N-acetylhexosamines.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Effect of the intestinal microbiota on TSeminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- MGM as a Large-Scale Pretrained Foundation Model for Microbiome Analyses in Diverse Contexts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhanced multi-omic viral profiling from microbial community sequencing with BAQLaVa.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Different Sites of Microbiota Shows Increased Pseudomonas Species in the Gut Mucosa in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the relative contribution of different lifestyle and environmental factors to the compositional variability of the gut microbiota is unclear.
designHere, we rank the size effect of disease activity, medications, diet and geographic location of the faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD; n=303), ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 228) and controls (n=161), followed longitudinally (at three time points with 16 weeks intervals).
resultsReduced microbiota diversity but increased variability was confirmed in CD and UC compared with controls. Significant compositional differences between diseases, particularly CD, and controls were evident. Longitudinal analyses revealed reduced temporal microbiota stability in IBD, particularly in patients with changes in disease activity. Machine learning separated disease from controls, and active from inactive disease, when consecutive time points were modelled. Geographic location accounted for most of the microbiota variance, second to the presence or absence of CD, followed by history of surgical resection, alcohol consumption and UC diagnosis, medications and diet with most (90.3%) of the compositional variance stochastic or unexplained.
conclusionThe popular concept of precision medicine and rational design of any therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota will have to contend not only with the heterogeneity of the host response, but also with widely differing lifestyles and with much variance still unaccounted for.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.