ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2020
High levels of viral load monitoring and viral suppression under Treat All in Rwanda - a cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV care cascade of adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Characterizing the HIV care continuum among children and adolescents with HIV in eastern and southern Africa in the era of "Universal Test and Treat": A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- The viral load monitoring cascade in HIV treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Attrition one year after starting antiretroviral therapy before and after the programmatic implementation of HIV "Treat All" in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- The HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review of published criteria and definitions.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of a Multisectoral Agricultural Intervention on HIV Health Outcomes Among Adults in Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Viral Suppression Following Same-day Initiation Antiretroviral Therapy among Persons Aware of their Classification as Recent or Long-term Infected with HIV Per Recent Infection Testing Algorithm, Rwanda 2021-2022.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Viral Load Suppression Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV on ART in Rwanda: Data From Rwanda HIV Case-Based Surveillance, 2019-2025.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Sustained maternal human immunodeficiency virus viral load suppression and cascade of human immunodeficiency virus testing among exposed infants in Rwanda.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- The impact of a comprehensive strategy on HIV treatment continuum in a highly endemic area of China: an interrupted time series analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV and HIV-uninfected in Rwanda.PloS one · 2025Article
- Factors associated with viral load suppression in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Rwanda: an open-observational cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Article
- Beliefs affecting ART adherence in newly diagnosed HIV-positive participants in Manzini, Eswatini.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Immediate and long-term outcomes after treat-all among people living with HIV in China: an interrupted time series analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Engagement in HIV continuum of care: Another step needed to close the gap toward UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets among younger men in Rwanda.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Effect of Test and Treat on clinical outcomes in Nigeria: A national retrospective study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult people living with HIV initiated during the COVID-19 epidemic waves - observations at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAiming to reach UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, nearly all sub-Saharan African countries have expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all people living with HIV (PLWH) (Treat All). Few published data exist on viral load testing and viral suppression under Treat All in this region. We assessed proportions of patients with available viral load test results and who were virally suppressed, as well as factors associated with viral suppression, among PLWH in 10 Rwandan health centres after Treat All implementation.
methodsCross-sectional study during 2018 of adults (≥15 years) engaged in HIV care at 10 Rwandan health centres. Outcomes were being on ART (available ART initiation date in the study database, with no ART discontinuation prior to 1 January 2018), retained on ART (≥2 post-ART health centre visits ≥90 days apart during 2018), available viral load test results (viral load measured in 2018 and available in study database) and virally suppressed (most recent 2018 viral load <200 copies/mL). We used modified Poisson regression models accounting for clustering by health centre to determine factors associated with being virally suppressed.
resultsOf 12,238 patients, 7050 (58%) were female and 1028 (8%) were aged 15 to 24 years. Nearly all patients (11,933; 97%) were on ART, of whom 11,198 (94%) were retained on ART. Among patients retained on ART, 10,200 (91%) had available viral load results; of these 9331 (91%) were virally suppressed. Viral suppression was less likely among patients aged 15 to 24 compared to >49 years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 0.83, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.90 and those with pre-ART CD4 counts of <200 compared to ≥500 cells/mm
conclusionsIn this large cohort of Rwandan PLWH receiving HIV care after Treat All implementation, patients in study health centres have surpassed the third UNAIDS 90-90-90 target. To ensure all PLWH fully benefit from ART, additional efforts should focus on improving ART adherence among younger persons.
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