ArticleThe Journal of infection2020
Viral-bacterial (co-)occurrence in the upper airways and the risk of childhood pneumonia in resource-limited settings.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory illnesses in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence, associated factors and treatment prescriptions for community-acquired pneumonia: a cross-sectional study at the largest children's hospital in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Co-carriage of respiratory tract bacterial pathogens among under-5 children with pneumococcal carriage in Peninsular Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal density and respiratory co-detection in severe pediatric pneumonia in Laos.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Salivary polyreactive antibodies andThe European respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Co-occurrence of bacteria and viruses and serotype distribution ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Extreme temperatures increase the risk of pediatric pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children Under 5 Years of Age in Sub-Saharan Africa.Global pediatric health · 2024Review
- Tryptophan-like side chain holding aptamers inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection of lung epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Bacterial colonization of the upper airways of children positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the etiology of bacterial pneumonia in children in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- High bacterial and viral load in the upper respiratory tract of children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between bacterial-viral co-occurrence in the nasopharynx and the risk of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children living in resource-limited settings.
methodsA case-control study was conducted between January and December 2017 in Moshi, Tanzania. Children 2-59 months with CAP and healthy controls were enrolled. RSV and Influenza A/B were detected with a standardized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and a simplified real-time quantitative PCR method, without sample pre-processing, was developed to detect bacterial pathogens in nasopharyngeal samples.
resultsA total of 109 CAP patients and 324 healthy controls were enrolled. Co-detection of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal swabs was linked with higher odds of CAP (aOR=3.2, 95% CI=1.1-9.5). The majority of the H. influenzae isolated in cases and controls (95.8%) were non-typeable. Of the viruses examined, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was most common (n = 31, 7.2%) in cases and controls. Children with RSV had 8.4 times higher odds to develop pneumonia than healthy children (aOR=8.4, 95%CI= 3.2 - 22.1).
conclusionsCo-occurence of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx was strongly associated with CAP. The high prevalence of non-typeable H. influenzae might be a sign of replacement as a consequence of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination.
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