Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Prevalence and correlates of receptive syringe-sharing among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachia.
Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harms associated with injecting in public spaces: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Pooled it
- Frequent police contact and nonfatal overdose among people who use drugs in rural Appalachia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Resilience to Stigma in Medical, Social, and Employment Contexts Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Ohio: Adapting the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Status of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among People Who Use Drugs in South Korea: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Gut and liver · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- How competing needs after incarceration lead to adverse health outcomes among people who use criminalized drugs.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- Estimating the Cost-Saving Threshold of a Rural Syringe Services Program Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of resilience and coping to intersectional HIV prevention and drug-use stigma among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachian Ohio.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Experiencing Housing Instability in Rural North America and Access to Health Care and Supportive Services: A Scoping Review.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2025Article
- National HIV and HCV Screening Rates for Hospitalized People who Use Drugs Are Suboptimal and Heterogeneous Across 11 US Hospitals.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The relationship between felt stigma and non-fatal overdose among rural people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Early vs. Later Experiences of Violence and Polysubstance Use Among Adults Who Inject Drugs.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Interest in treatment with injectable diacetylmorphine among people who use opioids in Baltimore City, Maryland (USA).Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Housing-based syringe services programs to improve access to safer injecting equipment for people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada: a spatially oriented qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review on the Effects of COVID-19 on Syringe Service Programs in the United States.Cureus · 2023Article
- Factors associated with receptive injection equipment sharing among people who inject drugs: findings from a multistate study at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Reliving it All Over Again: Uncanny Temporalities of Injection Drug Use and Hepatitis C Diagnosis in Southwest Virginia, USA.Medical anthropology · 2023Article
- Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Association of co-occurring mental health problems with hepatitis C status among young people who inject drugs in rural New Mexico, 2016-2018.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- Measuring and Addressing Stigma Within HIV Interventions for People Who Use Drugs: a Scoping Review of Recent Research.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSyringe-sharing significantly increases the risk of HIV and viral hepatitis acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID). Clearer understanding of the correlates of receptive syringe-sharing (RSS) is a critical step in preventing bloodborne infectious disease transmission among PWID in rural communities throughout the United States. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and correlates of RSS among PWID in a rural county in Appalachia.
designObservational, cross-sectional sample from a capture-recapture parent study.
settingCabell County, West Virginia (WV), USA, June-July 2018.
participantsThe sample was restricted to people who reported injecting drugs in the past 6 months (n = 420). A total of 180 participants (43%) reported recent (past 6 months) RSS. Participants reported high levels of homelessness (56.0%), food insecurity (64.8%) and unemployment (66.0%). MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was recent re-use of syringes that participants knew someone else had used before them. Key explanatory variables of interest, selected from the risk environment framework, included: unemployment, arrest and receipt of sterile syringes from a syringe services program (SSP). Logistic regression was used to determine correlates of recent RSS.
findingsPWID reporting recent RSS also reported higher prevalence of homelessness, food insecurity and unemployment than their non-RSS-engaging counterparts. In adjusted analyses, correlates of RSS included: engagement in transactional sex work [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-4.09], unemployment (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.03-1.72), number of drug types injected (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15-1.53) and injection in a public location (aOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.64-4.08). Having accessed sterile syringes at an SSP was protective against RSS (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35-0.92).
conclusionThe prevalence of receptive syringe-sharing among people who inject drugs in a rural US county appears to be high and comparable to urban-based populations. Receptive syringe-sharing among people who inject drugs in a rural setting appears to be associated with several structural and substance use factors, including unemployment and engaging in public injection drug use. Having recently acquired sterile syringes at a syringe services program appears to be protective against receptive syringe sharing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.