ReviewJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020
Rechallenge patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors following severe immune-related adverse events: review of the literature and suggested prophylactic strategy.
Review in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated liver injury: a retrospective analysis based on clinical study and real-world data.Hepatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Haematological toxicities with immune checkpoint inhibitors in digestive system tumors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities in older adults with cancer: recommendations from the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG).The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Guideline
- Safety, efficacy, and survival outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma patients with anti-PD-1 progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of lifileucel, a one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell therapy, in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies: pooled analysis of consecutive cohorts of the C-144-01 study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Observational
- Immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors: A case series and review of the literature.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in unresectable melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Observational
- Severe Metabolic Decompensation in Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by radio-chemo-immunotherapy: a case report.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026Article
- Targeting T-Cells for Cancer Treatment: Current Clinical Strategies and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prediction of overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and second primary malignancies: a prognostic model based on the SEER database.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Is Immunotherapy a Contraindication for Treating Lung Cancer Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases? A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Outcomes of Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Retreatment After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy rechallenge in gastric cancer: resistance mechanisms, molecular stratification, and precision decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dynamic peripheral immune monitoring during checkpoint blockade: a framework for interpreting response, toxicity and resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Balancing act: Tapering mycophenolate mofetil in immune checkpoint inhibitor hepatitis-strategies, outcomes, and risks.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Life-threatening immune-related adverse events in the intensive care unit: a narrative review.Intensive care medicine · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with cancer who developed severe, grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors are at risk for developing severe toxicities again on rechallenge with checkpoint inhibitors. Consequently, medical oncologists and multidisciplinary teams are hesitant to retreat in this scenario, despite the fact that a number of patients may derive clinical benefit from this approach. Balancing such clinical benefit and treatment-related toxicities for each patient is becoming increasingly challenging as more and more patients with cancer are being treated with checkpoint inhibitors. In this manuscript, we provide an extensive overview of the relevant literature on retreatment after toxicity, and suggest prophylactic approaches to minimize the risk of severe irAE following rechallenge with immune checkpoint blockade, since treatment may be lifesaving in a number of occasions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.