ArticleParasites & vectors2020
An outbreak of bovine babesiosis in February, 2019, triggered by above average winter temperatures in southern England and co-infection with Babesia divergens and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection rates, species diversity, and distribution of zoonotic Babesia parasites in ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental drivers of tick density in UK dairy farms: implications for livestock health and agri-environment policy.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- The 'teabag method': tick feeding protocol and the effects of tick feeding on hematological parameters in the canine host.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Cattle Zoonotic and Non-Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Europe-A Retrospective Analysis of the Past 15 Years.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Draft genomes of two contemporary strains ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Endemisation and management ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular Screening of Blood Donors forTransfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2023Article
- Surveillance and Risk Analysis for Bovine Babesiosis in England and Wales to Inform Disease Distribution.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The roles of COX-2 in protozoan infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- One Health Approach to Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance in the United Kingdom.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with tick-borne pathogens in cattle in western Kenya.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Ticks, Human Babesiosis and Climate Change.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Red Deer (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBovine babesiosis, commonly known as redwater fever, is a sporadic tick-borne disease in the United Kingdom. Outbreaks occur during the spring, summer and autumn months when ticks are active. This study reports the findings of an investigation of an outbreak of bovine babesiosis during the winter month of February, 2019.
methodsDNA from blood, organ and tick samples taken from affected cattle were tested for the presence of piroplasm and Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA using PCRs directed to the 18S rRNA gene and msp2 gene respectively. The species of piroplasm was confirmed by sequencing.
resultsBabesia divergens DNA was detected in the blood of five cattle displaying clinical signs of babesiosis within a herd of twenty. This parasite was also detected in three of ten ticks removed from one of the affected cattle. In addition, A. phagocytophilum was detected in three cattle tested and two of ten of the ticks.
conclusionsAn outbreak of bovine babesiosis during February is unusual as the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, does not generally become active until temperatures rise later in the year. February of 2019 was unusual as average temperatures during the first week of the month reached over 10 °C, well above historical averages that are typically below 5 °C, and a temperature at which ticks can become active. This unusual weather event is likely to have triggered tick questing, that combined with a co-infection with two tick-borne pathogens caused the severe outbreak of disease.
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