ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
RETRACTED: Optimized Conjugation of Fluvastatin to HIV-1 TAT Displays Enhanced Pro-Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- RETRACTED: Alhakamy et al. Encapsulation of Lovastatin in Zein Nanoparticles Exhibits Enhanced Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- RETRACTED: Al-Wahaibi et al. Optimized Conjugation of Fluvastatin to HIV-1 TAT Displays Enhanced Pro-Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development of Responsive Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mastoparan, a Peptide Toxin from Wasp Venom Conjugated Fluvastatin Nanocomplex for Suppression of Lung Cancer Cell Growth.Polymers · 2021Article
- Ceftriaxone and Melittin Synergistically Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Statin as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent: Current Updates as a Monotherapy, Combination Therapy, and Treatment for Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Repurposing of Sitagliptin- Melittin Optimized Nanoformula against SARS-CoV-2: Antiviral Screening and Molecular Docking Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Sitagliptin-Glatiramer Acetate Nano-Conjugates against SARS-CoV-2 Virus.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Cell Cycle Progression-Derived Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis and Therapeutic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Disease markers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-11-08Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Manipulation of Images · Objections by Author(s) · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · see also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/C9D62BD2DE9E52179587C28ACFCC5C#2
- Retracted
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that statins reduce the risk of different cancers and inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells. This study aims to explore whether the electrostatic conjugation of optimized fluvastatin (FLV) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator transcription peptide (TAT) would enhance the anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. FLV-TAT conjugation was optimized to achieve the lowest size with highest zeta potential. Nine formulae were constructed, using a factorial design with three factors-FLV concentration, TAT concentration, and pH of the medium-while the responses were zeta potential and size. The optimized formula showed a particle size of 199.24 nm and 29.14 mV zeta potential. Data indicates that conjugation of FLV to TAT (optimized formula) significantly enhances anti-proliferative activity and uptake by HepG2 cells when compared to raw FLV. Flow cytometry showed significant accumulation of cells in the pre-G phase, which highlights higher apoptotic activity. Annexin V staining indicated a significant increase in total cell death in early and late apoptosis. This was confirmed by significantly elevated caspase 3 in cells exposed to FLV-TAT preparation. In conclusion, the FLV-TAT optimized formula exhibited improved anti-proliferative action against HepG2. This is partially attributed to the enhanced apoptotic effects and cellular uptake of FLV.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.