Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32531884›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2020

The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population.

Giuseppe Forte, Francesca Favieri, Renata Tambelli, Maria Casagrande

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021
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  6. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among people influenced by coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021
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41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Giuseppe ForteDepartment of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5223-041X
Francesca FavieriDepartment of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6696-5855
Renata TambelliDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Maria CasagrandeDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4430-3367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStarting from the first months of 2020, worldwide population has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Many nations, including Italy, took extreme actions to reduce the diffusion of the virus, profoundly changing lifestyles. The Italians have been faced with both the fear of contracting the infection and the consequences of enforcing social distancing. This study was aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the psychopathological outcomes related to the first phase of this emergency.

methodsThe study included 2291 respondents. An online survey collected information on socio-demographic variables, history of direct or indirect contact with COVID-19, and additional information concerning the COVID-19 emergency. Moreover, psychopathological symptoms such as anxiety, mood alterations and post-traumatic symptomatology were assessed.

resultsThe results revealed that respectively 31.38%, 37.19% and 27.72% of respondents reported levels of general psychopathological symptomatology, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms over the cut-off scores. Furthermore, a significant worsening of mood has emerged. Being a female or under the age of 50 years, having had direct contact with people infected by the COVID-19, and experiencing uncertainty about the risk of contagion represent risk factors for psychological distress.

conclusionsOur findings indicate that the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to impact not only on physical health but also on psychological well-being. Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

anxietyCOVID-19emergencymoodpandemicpost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)psychopathological symptomatology

Identifiers

PMID32531884
PMCPMC7356935

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.