Trial reportInternational urogynecology journal2021
Biofeedback versus electrical stimulation for sexual dysfunction: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in women with dyspareunia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of electrical stimulation for stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of biofeedback interventions on pain, overall symptoms, quality of life and physiological parameters in patients with pelvic pain : A systematic review.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Biofeedback with Dilator Therapy for Sexual Function in Women with Primary Vaginismus: Randomized Controlled Trial Study.International urogynecology journal · 2025Trial
- Evidence-based translation in postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation nursing: recent advances and practical integration.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Pelvic floor muscle therapy for sexual dysfunction in gynaecological cancer survivors.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Physiotherapy for Sexual Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Review of Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Female Sexual Dysfunction with Overactive Bladder: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisSexual dysfunction is a common problem in the general population. We compared the effects of biofeedback and electrical stimulation on the symptoms of sexual pain dysfunction in women with urinary stress incontinence.
methodsWe carried out a parallel randomized clinical trial in an outpatient department for physical medicine and rehabilitation at a university hospital. Based on DSM-5 criteria for sexual dysfunction, 22 patients with sexual dysfunction and stress incontinence were included and randomly allocated to each study arm. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the Female Sexual Function Index. Each group underwent pertinent treatment for 100 min, two times a week for 6 weeks.
resultsBoth groups showed favorable outcomes in increasing Female Sexual Function Index mean scores and their domains. However, for improving sexual function, women in the biofeedback group benefited more than those receiving electrical stimulation. Biofeedback raised desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction scores more than electrical stimulation (all p ≤ 0.025). Both interventions decreased pain during or following vaginal penetration similarly (p = 0.985).
conclusionsBoth biofeedback and electrical stimulation increased the Female Sexual Function Index score. However, to improve sexual function, women undergoing biofeedback seem to benefit more than those receiving electrical stimulation. We recommend considering the prescription of biofeedback for the treatment of sexual dysfunction because of its efficacy, lack of adverse effects, and easy application.
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