ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2020
The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of "inflame-aging".
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 300 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Pooled it
- Initial functional disability as a 1-year prognostic factor in geriatric patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Re-evaluating cytokine storm syndromes: dysregulated host defense or contextual immune adaptation?European cytokine network · 2026Review
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Aging and lung diseases: Unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Modulation of Toll-like Receptors with Natural Compounds: A Therapeutic Avenue Against Inflammaging?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Differential immune profiles in elderly patients with non-severe versus severe SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection: dysregulation of antibody responses and B-cell subsets.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Balancing Host Defense and Viral Tolerance for the Development of Next-Generation Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of the systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory response index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic inflammatory syndrome.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The age-dependent neuroglial interaction with peripheral immune cells in coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation with a special emphasis on COVID-19.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Pathogenic and periodontal bacteria may contribute to the fatal outcome of critically ill elderly COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19: Hematological Factors Changes in Patients at Three-time Intervals.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespan.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with renin angiotensin aldosterone system, clinical outcomes, and angiotensin (1-7) as a physiological treatment recommendation: hypothesis and theory article.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Vitamin D: A key player in COVID-19 immunity and lessons from the pandemic to combat immune-evasive variants.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- Older patients affected by COVID-19: investigating the existence of biological phenotypes.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- Central artery pulse pressure, not central arterial stiffness impact on all-cause mortality in patients with viral pneumonia infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Extended Prone Position and 90-Day Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.Respiratory care · 2024Article
- Treatment of Acute and Long-COVID, Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Role of a Novel Nano-Compound-The Transdermal Glutathione-Cyclodextrin Complex.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- 4C mortality score and COVID-19 mortality risk score: an analysis in four different age groups of an Italian population.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNovel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by "inflamm-aging". It is highly likely that "inflamm-aging" is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection.
methodsA systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed.
resultsThe aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of "inflamm-aging", mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.