ArticleScientific reports2020
Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin-indoxyl sulfate in the rat model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indoxyl Sulfate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Enhanced cognitive outcomes with triple-mode dialysis in kidney failure: role of protein-bound toxin clearance.Renal failure · 2025Trial
- Safety and target engagement of an oral small-molecule sequestrant in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an open-label phase 1b/2a trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Depression in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: A psychonephrology narrative review.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Chronic kidney disease and cognitive decline: choroid plexus remodeling, glymphatic dysfunction, and alzheimer biomarker interpretation.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Toxins · 2026Review
- Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mind the Gut: Cognitive Decline, Microbiota, and Nutrition-Related Modulators in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Encephalopathy: Cause, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- The Role of Brain Structure in Explaining Physical Functioning in Male Veterans With Impaired Kidney Function.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Structural brain changes, cerebral oxygenation, and cognitive function in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Social bonds and health: exploring the impact of social relations on oxytocin and brain-gut communication in shaping obesity.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Drivers and mechanisms of cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Transporter-Mediated Interactions Between Uremic Toxins and Drugs: A Hidden Driver of Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Quinolinic acid potentially links kidney injury to brain toxicity.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Gut-kidney-brain axis and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease and chronic kidney disease: an expert narrative review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- A modified rat model of 8 minutes asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.PloS one · 2025Article
- Regulation of the blood-brain barrier function by peripheral cues in health and disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is deemed to be a worldwide health concern connected with neurological manifestations. The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in CKD is still not fully understood, however particular attention is currently being paid to the impact of accumulated toxins. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the most potent uremic toxins. The purpose of the present study was to assess IS concentrations in the cerebellum, brainstem, cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum with hippocampus of rats chronically exposed to IS. To evaluate IS impact on neurochemical and behavioral alterations, we examined its influence on brain levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites, as well as changes in behavioral tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test, chimney test, T maze test, and splash test). Our results show the highest IS accumulation in the brainstem. IS leads to behavioral alterations involving apathetic behavior, increased stress sensitivity, and reduced locomotor and exploratory activity. Besides, IS contributes to the impairment of spatial memory and motor coordination. Furthermore, we observed reduced levels of norepinephrine, dopamine or serotonin, mainly in the brainstem. Our findings indicate that IS can be one of the crucial uremic factors responsible for altered mental status in CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.