ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2020
PD-1 Inhibitors: Do they have a Future in the Treatment of Glioblastoma?
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Oligonucleotide G3T19 downregulates CD44 succinylation and inhibits astrocyte-induced glioma immune escape.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
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- RIG-I RNA agonist activates immunostimulatory macrophages to enhance checkpoint immunotherapy for glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Does human cytomegalovirus provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with glioblastoma?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Current strategies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches for overcoming immune resistance in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Enhancing anti-tumor immunity by targeting BATF and the STAT1/PD-L1 pathway in cervical carcinoma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- MED8 is related to tumor immunity and has predictive value in the prognosis and treatment of glioma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in gliomas: impact on tumour immunity and progression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- CD58 reshapes the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas through PD-L1 upregulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Bispecific Antibodies in Glioblastoma: Mechanistic Advances, Delivery Innovations, and Translational Challenges in Overcoming Immune Escape.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- NKG2C/Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- TRP-2 / gp100 DNA vaccine and PD-1 checkpoint blockade combination for the treatment of intracranial tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors: Where We Have Been, and Where Do We Go From Here?Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
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- Case report: A successful case of targeted immunotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer under non-surgical conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Adoptive cell therapy for high grade gliomas using simultaneous temozolomide and intracranial mgmt-modified γδ t cells following standard post-resection chemotherapy and radiotherapy: current strategy and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (WHO grade IV glioma) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Survival has remained largely static for decades, despite significant efforts to develop new effective therapies. Immunotherapy and especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have transformed the landscape of cancer treatment and improved patient survival in a number of different cancer types. With the exception of few select cases (e.g., patients with Lynch syndrome) the neuro-oncology community is still awaiting evidence that PD-1 blockade can lead to meaningful clinical benefit in glioblastoma. This lack of progress in the field is likely to be due to multiple reasons, including inherent challenges in brain tumor drug development, the blood-brain barrier, the unique immune environment in the brain, the impact of corticosteroids, as well as inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Here we critically review the clinical literature, address the unique aspects of glioma immunobiology and potential immunobiological barriers to progress, and contextualize new approaches to increase the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in glioblastoma that may identify gaps and testable relevant hypotheses for future basic and clinical research and to provide a novel perspective to further stimulate preclinical and clinical research to ultimately help patients with glioma, including glioblastoma, which is arguably one of the greatest areas of unmet need in cancer. Moving forward, we need to build on our existing knowledge by conducting further fundamental glioma immunobiology research in parallel with innovative and methodologically sound clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.