ArticleDiabetes care2020
Type 2 Diabetes, Change in Depressive Symptoms Over Time, and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Longitudinal Data of the AGES-Reykjavik Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes and depression via microvascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, inflammation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and arterial stiffness.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Association between cerebral lesions and the severity of diabetic cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and nephropathy-new lessons to learn from neuroimaging.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Associations of plasma NfL, GFAP, and t-tau with cerebral small vessel disease and incident dementia: longitudinal data of the AGES-Reykjavik Study.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Characterization of GABAergic marker expression in prefrontal cortex in dexamethasone induced depression/anxiety model.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Diabetic microvascular disease in non-classical beds: the hidden impact beyond the retina, the kidney, and the peripheral nerves.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Review
- Decrease in Gait Speed Over Time Is Associated With Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- [An Investigation of the Cumulative Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2023Article
- Correlation analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and clinical characteristics and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbid major depressive disorder.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Application Value of Serum Hcy, TLR4, and CRP in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Diabetes, Albuminuria and the Kidney-Brain Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Clinical management of cerebral small vessel disease: a call for a holistic approach.Chinese medical journal · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveType 2 diabetes has been associated with depression. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. Cerebral small vessel disease, a consequence of diabetes, may lead to depression. Therefore, we evaluated whether cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between type 2 diabetes and higher depressive symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe used longitudinal data from the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study, with examinations from 2002 to 2006 and 5 years later. Type 2 diabetes was defined as self-reported history of type 2 diabetes, use of blood glucose-lowering drugs, or fasting blood glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/L. Cerebral small vessel disease load was quantified in a composite score based on MRI-defined presence of high white matter hyperintensity volume, low total brain parenchyma volume, and subcortical infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and large perivascular spaces. The 5-year change in the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score (GDS-15) was measured between baseline and follow-up.
resultsIncluded were 2,135 individuals without dementia and baseline depression (baseline age 74.5 [SD 4.6] years, 1,245 women [58.3%], and 197 [9.2%] with diabetes). The GDS-15 score increased 0.4 (SD 1.6) points over time. Baseline diabetes was associated with a greater increase in the GDS-15 score (β = 0.337; 95% CI 0.094; 0.579), adjusted for age, sex, education, and cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline cerebral small vessel disease and change of cerebral small vessel disease statistically significantly mediated a part of this association.
conclusionsType 2 diabetes is associated with a greater increase in depressive symptoms score over 5 years, and cerebral small vessel disease partly explains this association.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.