ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2020
The Rewarding and Anxiolytic Properties of Ethanol within the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala: Mediated by Genetic Background and Nociceptin.
Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Species differences in comorbid alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder: A narrative review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Review
- Functional interaction between orexin/dynorphin transmission in the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus following alcohol dependence: mediation of alcohol-seeking behavior.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Interaction between corticotropin-releasing factor, orexin, and dynorphin in the infralimbic cortex may mediate exacerbated alcohol-seeking behavior.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Changes in ethanol effects in knock-in mice expressing ethanol insensitive alpha1 and alpha2 glycine receptor subunits.Life sciences · 2024Article
- β-Carboline (FG-7142) modulates fear but not anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Substance Use, Financial Stress, Employment Disruptions, and Anxiety among Veterans during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychological reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Old Habits Die Hard: Dietary Habits of Migraine Patients Challenge our Understanding of Dietary Triggers.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- The electrical stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala in combination with dopamine receptor antagonist reduces the acquisition phase of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rat.Research in pharmaceutical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In humans, alcohol is consumed for its rewarding and anxiolytic effects. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is considered a neuronal nexus that regulates fear, anxiety, and drug self-administration. Manipulations of the CeA alter ethanol (EtOH) consumption under numerous EtOH self-administration models. The experiments determined whether EtOH is reinforcing/anxiolytic within the CeA, whether selective breeding for high alcohol consumption alters the rewarding properties of EtOH in the CeA, and whether the reinforcing/anxiolytic effects of EtOH in the CeA are mediated by the neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and nociceptin. The reinforcing properties of EtOH were determined by having male Wistar and Taconic alcohol-preferring (tP) rats self-administer EtOH directly into the CeA. The expression of anxiety-like behaviors was assessed through multiple behavioral models (social interaction, acoustic startle, and open field). Coadministration of EtOH and a CRF1 antagonist (NBI35965) or nociceptin on self-administration into the CeA and anxiety-like behaviors was determined. EtOH was self-administered directly into the lateral CeA, and tP rats self-administered a lower concentration of EtOH than Wistar rats. EtOH microinjected into the lateral CeA reduced the expression of anxiety-like behaviors, indicating an anxiolytic effect. Coadministration of NBI35965 failed to alter the rewarding/anxiolytic properties of EtOH in the CeA. In contrast, coadministration of the nociceptin enhanced both EtOH reward and anxiolysis in the CeA. Overall, the data indicate that the lateral CeA is a key anatomic location that mediates the rewarding and anxiolytic effects of EtOH, and local nociceptin receptors, but not local CRF1 receptors, are involved in these behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Alcohol is consumed for the stimulatory, rewarding, and anxiolytic properties of the drug of abuse. The current data are the first to establish that alcohol is reinforcing and anxiolytic within the lateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and that the nociceptin system regulates these effects of alcohol within the CeA.
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