ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Characterization of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loaded Polylactic Acid-Based Microneedle and Its Dermal Safety Profile.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fabrication and characterization evaluation of sustained-release dissolving microneedles with skin soothing function.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Sustainable Polylactic Acid-Derived Polyurethane/MXene Microneedles for Stimulus-Responsive Transdermal Delivery.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Thymol combined with SAEW for the eradication of matureFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Dopamine Inhibits the Expression of Hepatitis B Virus Surface and e Antigens by Activating the JAK/STAT Pathway and Upregulating Interferon-stimulated Gene 15 Expression.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Article
- Polymeric Biomaterials for Topical Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity: Advances on Devices and Manufacturing Technologies.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The Relationship between the Drug Delivery Properties of a Formulation of Teriparatide Microneedles and the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Teriparatide Administration in Rats.Pharmaceutical research · 2022Article
- Microneedle-mediated drug delivery for cutaneous diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Ovalbumin and cholera toxin delivery to buccal mucus for immunization using microneedles and comparison of immunological response to transmucosal delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Article
- Skin Penetration Enhancement Strategies Used in the Development of Melanoma Topical Treatments.The AAPS journal · 2021Review
- Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A surge of interest in microneedle (MN) vaccines as a novel vaccination system has emerged. Before the clinical application of MN vaccine, an assessment of potential biological risks to skin and quality control of MN must be performed. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties of MN and to evaluate the histological changes and inflammatory cell infiltrations after the application of MN with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). During in vitro and in vivo release testing, HBsAg MN released over 70% of HBsAg at 30 min. During the pyrogen test of HBsAg MN in rabbit, no rabbit showed an individual rise in temperature of 0.5 °C or more. MN with HBsAg produced the moderate immunization in mice. MN application did not alter the thickness of dermal and epidermal layers in mice. In addition, the topical applications of MN and MN for hepatitis B vaccine did not acutely induce the inflammation, allergic reaction, dermal toxicity and skin irritation. Thus, the MN system for the delivery of HBsAg could be the promising technology in the hepatitis B vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.