ArticleNeurocritical care2021
Apnea Testing for the Determination of Brain Death: A Systematic Scoping Review.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Guideline
- Neuroprognostication After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: ECMO-Specific Challenges and a Multimodal Time-Sensitive Framework.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Clinically Relevant Blood Pressure Elevation During Apnea Testing for Brain Death Determination: Association With Circulating Catecholamines.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Management of adult organ donors after brain death in ICU: insights from an Italian survey.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Article
- Apnea Testing in Brain Death Due to Primary Posterior Fossa Injury.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Predictive Hypoxemic Threshold for Tolerating the Apnea Test While Assessing Death by Neurological Criteria.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Apnea Testing on Conventional Mechanical Ventilation During Brain Death Evaluation.Neurocritical care · 2024Observational
- Detection of spontaneous breathing during an apnea test in a patient with suspected brain death using electrical impedance tomography: a case report.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Management of Potential Organ Donor: Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine-Position Statement.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the new modified apnea test in confirmation of brain death.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Should the Brain Death Exam With Apnea Test Require Surrogate Informed Consent? No: The UDDA Revision Series.Neurology · 2023Article
- Should the Brain Death Exam With Apnea Test Require Surrogate Informed Consent? Yes: The UDDA Revision Series.Neurology · 2023Article
- Challenges to Brain Death in Revising the Uniform Determination of Death Act: The UDDA Revision Series.Neurology · 2023Article
- Consent for determination of death by neurologic criteria in Canada: an analysis of legal and ethical authorities, and consensus-based working group recommendations.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2023Article
- Quality improvement in the determination of death by neurologic criteria around the world.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Apnea Test on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Step Forward with Carbon Dioxide.The journal of extra-corporeal technology · 2022Article
- The practical role of the respiratory therapist in the standard apnea test procedure for declaration of death via neurologic criteria in adults.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2022Article
- Optimal duration of the apnea test for determining brain death: Benefit of the short-term apnea test.PloS one · 2022Article
- Bilateral Pneumothoraces in a 3-Month-Old Infant During an Apnea Test in the Diagnosis of Brain Death.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- How I do a brain death examination: the tools of the trade.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apnea is one of the three cardinal findings in brain death (BD). Apnea testing (AT) is physiologically and practically complex. We sought to review described modifications of AT, safety and complication rates, monitoring techniques, performance of AT on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and other relevant considerations regarding AT. We conducted a systematic scoping review to answer these questions by searching the literature on AT in English language available in PubMed or EMBASE since 1980. Pediatric or animal studies were excluded. A total of 87 articles matched our inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesized in this review. A large body of the literature on AT since its inception addresses a variety of modifications, monitoring techniques, complication rates, ways to perform AT on ECMO, and other considerations such as variability in protocols, lack of uniform awareness, and legal considerations. Only some modifications are widely used, especially methods to maintain oxygenation, and most are not standardized or endorsed by brain death guidelines. Future updates to AT protocols and strive for unification of such protocols are desirable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.