ArticleEpilepsia open2020
Brain-responsive neurostimulation treatment in patients with GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Article in Epilepsia open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Exploratory study of plasma GFAP and GAD65-Ab levels in children with ADHD.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Myasthenia gravis in a pediatric patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome following responsive neurostimulation device implantation: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
- GAD65 Antibody-Associated Epilepsy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Seizures, Epilepsy, and NORSE Secondary to Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Practical Guide for Clinicians.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
- Intractable Seizures and Limbic Encephalitis, Unaccounted Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Role of responsive neurostimulation and immunotherapy in refractory epilepsy due to autoimmune encephalitis: A case report.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Volumetric and shape analysis of the hippocampus in temporal lobe epilepsy with GAD65 antibodies compared with non-immune epilepsy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Brain-responsive neurostimulation in adult-onset rasmussen's encephalitis.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2021Article
- Autoimmune Epilepsy - Novel Multidisciplinary Analysis, Discoveries and Insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Ketogenic Diet Therapy for the Treatment of Post-encephalitic and Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsies.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Brain-responsive neurostimulation treatment in patients with GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2020Article
- Neuromodulation for Refractory Epilepsy.Epilepsy currentsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kilodalton isoform (GAD65) antibodies have been associated with multiple nonneurological and neurological syndromes including autoimmune epilepsy (AE). Although immunotherapy remains the cornerstone for the treatment of AE, those with GAD65 Ab-associated AE (GAD65-AE) remain refractory to immunotherapy and antiseizure medication (ASM). Outcomes of epilepsy surgery in this patient population have also been unsatisfactory. The role of neuromodulation therapy, particularly direct brain-responsive neurostimulation therapy, has not been previously examined in GAD65-AE. Here, we describe four consecutive patients with refractory GAD-65-associated temporal lobe epilepsy (GAD65-TLE) receiving bilateral hippocampal RNS System treatment. The RNS System treatment was well tolerated and effective in this study cohort. Three patients had a >50% clinical seizure reduction, and one patient became clinically seizure-free following resective surgery informed by the RNS System data with continued RNS System treatment. In all four of our patients, the long-term ambulatory data provided by the RNS System allowed us to gain objective insights on electrographic seizure lateralization, patterns, and burden as well as guided immunotherapy and ASM optimization. Our results suggest the potential utility of the RNS System in the management of ASM intractable GAD65-AE.
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