ArticleRevista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health2020
Monitoring inequality changes in full immunization coverage in infants in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Article in Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Pooled it
- Progress and gaps in childhood immunization among two-year-olds in Ghana (1993-2022): A trend and equity analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Multiple deprivations as drivers of suboptimal basic child vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: cross-sectional analysis of household survey data for 18,136 children across 211 regions in 15 countries.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Socio-demographic disparities in basic under-two immunization coverage: insights from the 2016 Malawi demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Incomplete immunization uptake and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in sub-Saharan African countries; multilevel analysis evidenced from latest demography and health survey data, 2023.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- High coverage and timeliness of vaccination of children under 6 years of age in Risaralda, Colombia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Inequalities in infant vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based study in Peru.Vaccine · 2023Article
- [The Pan American Health Organization's Revolving Fund for access to vaccines: 43 years responding to the regional immunization programO Fundo Rotativo para Acesso a Vacinas da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde: 43 anos respondendo ao Programa Regional de Imunizações].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Tracking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine infant vaccinations in the Dominican Republic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare inequalities in full infant vaccination coverage at two different time points between 1992 and 2016 in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
methodsAnalysis is based on recent available data from Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and Reproductive Health Surveys conducted in 18 countries between 1992 and 2016. Full immunization data from children 12-23 months of age were disaggregated by wealth quintile. Absolute and relative inequalities between the richest and the poorest quintile were measured. Differences were measured for 14 countries with data available for two time points. Significance was determined using 95% confidence intervals.
resultsThe overall median full immunization coverage was 69.9%. Approximately one-third of the countries have a high-income inequality gap, with a median difference of 5.6 percentage points in 8 of 18 countries. Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, and Peru have achieved the greatest progress in improving coverage among the poorest quintiles of their population in recent years.
conclusionFull immunization coverage in the countries in the study shows higher-income inequality gaps that are not seen by observing national coverage only, but these differences appear to be reduced over time. Actions monitoring immunization coverage based on income inequalities should be considered for inclusion in the assessment of public health policies to appropriately reduce the gaps in immunization for infants in the lowest-income quintile.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.