ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2020
Applying Different Techniques to Improve the Bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil Antihypertensive Drug.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preparation and Evaluation of Candesartan Cilexetil Solid Supersaturated Self-nanoemulsion Containing Phospholipids.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Surfactant-Enriched Cross-Linked Scaffold as an Environmental and Manufacturing Feasible Approach to Boost Dissolution of Lipophilic Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- In Vitro and in vivo characterization of nasal pH-Responsive in-situ hydrogel of Candesartan-loaded invasomes as a potential stroke treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- From In Vivo Predictive Dissolution to Virtual Bioequivalence: A GastroPlusPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Functional candesartan loaded lipid nanoparticles for the control of diabetes-associated stroke: In vitroInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of candesartan cilexetil tablet in Chinese volunteers under fasting condition: an open-label, randomized-sequence, 2-period crossover study.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Formulation and Bioavailability of Novel Mucoadhesive Buccal Films for Candesartan Cilexetil in Rats.Membranes · 2021Article
- New Peceol™/Span™ 60 Niosomes Coated with Chitosan for Candesartan Cilexetil: Perspective Increase in Absolute Bioavailability in Rats.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study was to compare different techniques to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate, and hence the bioavailability of candesartan cilexetil.
methodsTo achieve this target, various techniques were employed such as solid dispersions, inclusion complexes, and preparation of candesartan nanoparticles. Following the preparations, all samples were characterized for their physicochemical properties, and the samples of the best results were subjected to further bioavailability studies.
resultsResults of dissolution studies revealed an increase in the dissolution rate of all samples. The highest dissolution rate was achieved using solid dispersion of the drug with PVP K-90 (1:4). Physicochemical investigations (XR, DSC, and FT-IR) suggested formation of hydrogen bonding and changing in the crystalline structure of the drug. Regarding the inclusion complexes, more stable complex was formed between HP-β-CD and CC compared to β-CD, as indicated by phase solubility diagrams. Antisolvent method resulted in the preparation of stable nanoparticles, as indicated by ζ potential, with average particle size of 238.9 ± 19.25 nm using PVP K-90 as a hydrophilic polymer. The best sample that gave the highest dissolution rate (CC/PVP K-90 1:4) was allowed for further pharmacokinetic studies using UPLC MS/MS assay of rabbit plasma. Results showed a significant increase in the bioavailability of CC from ~15% to ~48%.
conclusionThe bioavailability of CC was significantly improved from ~15% to ~48% when formulated as SDs with PVP K-90 with 1:4 drug:polymer ratio.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.