ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Stimuli-responsive composite biopolymer actuators with selective spatial deformation behavior.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Advancements in hydrogel-based embolic agents: Categorized by therapeutic mechanisms.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Spider Silk-Inspired High-Damping Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers Enabled by Semi-Interpenetrating Networks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Ultralight soft electrostatic actuators based on solid-liquid-gas architectures.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ultrafast crosslinking, strongly adhesiveBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Pollen-inspired biopolymer-based multifunctional films.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Biopolymer Membranes for Osmotic Power Generation in Bionic Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Electrochemical-Genetic Programming of Protein-Based Magnetic Soft Robots for Active Drug Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Triple energy conversion cascade in a densely charged redox active covalent organic actuator.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mutable Collagenous Tissue: A Concept Generator for Biomimetic Materials and Devices.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Sensing in Soft Robotics.ACS nano · 2023Review
- Bio-Inspired Multiscale Design for Strong and Tough Biological Ionogels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Exploring stimuli-responsive elastin-like polypeptide for biomedicine and beyond: potential application as programmable soft actuators.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Synthetic growth by self-lubricated photopolymerization and extrusion inspired by plants and fungi.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Smart Silk Origami as Eco-sensors for Environmental Pollution.ACS applied bio materials · 2022Article
- 3D Printing of Monolithic Proteinaceous Cantilevers Using Regenerated Silk Fibroin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Soft actuators for real-world applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022Article
- Engineering Natural and Recombinant Silks for Sustainable Biodevices.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in 3D Printing with Protein-Based Inks.Progress in polymer science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bioinspired actuators with stimuli-responsive and deformable properties are being pursued in fields such as artificial tissues, medical devices and diagnostics, and intelligent biosensors. These applications require that actuator systems have biocompatibility, controlled deformability, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and stable reversibility. Herein, we report a bionic actuator system consisting of stimuli-responsive genetically engineered silk-elastin-like protein (SELP) hydrogels and wood-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which respond to temperature and ionic strength underwater by ecofriendly methods. Programmed site-selective actuation can be predicted and folded into three-dimensional (3D) origami-like shapes. The reversible deformation performance of the SELP/CNF actuators was quantified, and complex spatial transformations of multilayer actuators were demonstrated, including a biomimetic flower design with selective petal movements. Such actuators consisting entirely of biocompatible and biodegradable materials will offer an option toward constructing stimuli-responsive systems for in vivo biomedicine soft robotics and bionic research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.