ArticleBMC public health2020
Social inequalities in traditional and emerging screen devices among Portuguese children: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Correlates of mobile device use in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Parental concern and multiple dimensions of preschool children's digital media use: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Children's and adolescents' negative internet experiences and the association with quality of life and behavioural difficulties: a cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Preschoolers' Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Measured by a Tri-Axial Accelerometer: Compliance with International Guidelines and Different Cut-Points.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between the use of mobile touchscreen devices and the quality of parent-child interaction in preschoolers.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effects of outdoor activity time, screen time, and family socioeconomic status on physical health of preschool children.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Dark Side of Multimedia Devices: Negative Consequences for Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Correlates of screen time in the early years (0-5 years): A systematic review.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Review
- Psychometric properties of the ScreenQ for measuring digital media use in Portuguese young children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Children and Adolescent's Perception of Media Device Use Consequences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Smartphone and Tablet Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement in Children under 48 Months in Barcelona (Spain).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren are often exposed to too much screen time but few studies have explored the use of old and new digital media among young children. This study assesses screen time, including traditional and mobile devices, in pre-school and elementary school-aged children, according to their gender, age, and socioeconomic position (SEP).
methodsA total of 8430 children (3 to 10 years; 50.8% boys) from the north, center and south-central Portugal were included in the present study. Data was collected by a parental questionnaire during 2016/2017. Children's screen time (by media device, weekdays and at the weekend; calculated by mean minutes per day) were reported by parents. Analysis were carried to compare screen time by children's age, gender and family SEP (classified using father's educational degree).
resultsDaily screen time was high both in children aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 10 years - 154 min/day (95% CI: 149.51-158.91) and 200.79 min/day (95% CI: 197.08-204.50), respectively - and the majority of children, independently of their gender, exceed the recommended 2 h/day of screen viewing. Children are still primarily engaging in screen time through television but the use of mobile devices, particularly tablets, were already high among 3 year-old children and increased with age. SEP was a negative predictor of screen time in the linear regression analysis, including after adjustment.
conclusionsConsidering the negative health impacts of excessive screen time, recognizing subgroups at risk of excessive screen time and identifying how each device is used according to age is fundamental to enable appropriate future interventions. The screen time in children aged 3-10 years is longer than the recommended, particularly among boys and in those children from lower SEP. Parents and policymakers should have in mind that children spend most of their screen time watching television but mobile devices are becoming extremely popular starting at a young age.
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