ArticleCancers2020
Development of a VLP-Based Vaccine Displaying an xCT Extracellular Domain for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Dual-Action Theranostic Nanoparticles Delivering Toll-Like Receptor 2 Inhibitors and Chemotherapy Target Breast Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- MS2 virus-like particles as a versatile platform for multi-disease vaccines: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Promising future of breast cancer vaccine asking for multidisciplinary collaboration: a literature review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Cystine/cysteine metabolism regulates the progression and response to treatment of triple‑negative breast cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- Article
- Virus-like particle: a nano-platform that delivers cancer antigens to elicit an anti-tumor immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- MS2 Virus-like Particles as a Versatile Peptide Presentation Platform: Insights into the Deterministic Abilities for Accommodating Heterologous Peptide Lengths.ACS synthetic biology · 2023Article
- Potential Application of Self-Assembled Peptides and Proteins in Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Self-assembled nanoparticles: A new platform for revolutionizing therapeutic cancer vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- RGD_PLGA Nanoparticles with Docetaxel: A Route for Improving Drug Efficiency and Reducing Toxicity in Breast Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy against the Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter xCT Improves the Efficacy of APR-246 in Preclinical Breast Cancer Models.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Antigen mimicry as an effective strategy to induce CSPG4-targeted immunity in dogs with oral melanoma: a veterinary trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women due to recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies. Thus, MBC represents an important unmet clinical need for new treatments. In this paper we generated a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine (AX09) to inhibit de novo metastasis formation and ultimately prolong the survival of patients with MBC. To this aim, we engineered the bacteriophage MS2 VLP to display an extracellular loop of xCT, a promising therapeutic target involved in tumor progression and metastasis formation. Elevated levels of this protein are observed in a high percentage of invasive mammary ductal tumors including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and correlate with poor overall survival. Moreover, xCT expression is restricted to only a few normal cell types. Here, we tested AX09 in several MBC mouse models and showed that it was well-tolerated and elicited a strong antibody response against xCT. This antibody-based response resulted in the inhibition of xCT's function in vitro and reduced metastasis formation in vivo. Thus, AX09 represents a promising novel approach for MBC, and it is currently advancing to clinical development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.