ArticleApplied clinical informatics2020
A Randomized Trial of Voice-Generated Inpatient Progress Notes: Effects on Professional Fee Billing.
Article in Applied clinical informatics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Reliability, Accuracy, and Relevance of Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition for Clinical Documentation: A Scoping Review.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Optimizing Resident Charge Capture with Disappearing Help Text in Note Templates.Applied clinical informatics · 2025Article
- Effect of Ambient Voice Technology, Natural Language Processing, and Artificial Intelligence on the Patient-Physician Relationship.Applied clinical informatics · 2024Observational
- Development of billing post competency evaluation index system for nurses in China: a Delphi study.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Spinal Pain Questionnaire: Validation and User Satisfaction.Neurospine · 2022Article
- A retrospective look at the predictions and recommendations from the 2009 AMIA policy meeting: did we see EHR-related clinician burnout coming?Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrior evaluations of automated speech recognition (ASR) to create hospital progress notes have not analyzed its effect on professional revenue billing codes. As ASR becomes a more common method of entering clinical notes, clinicians, hospital administrators, and payers should understand whether this technology alters charges associated with inpatient physician services.
objectivesThis study aimed to measure the difference in professional fee charges between using voice and keyboard to create inpatient progress notes.
methodsIn a randomized trial of a novel voice with ASR system, called voice-generated enhanced electronic note system (VGEENS), to generate physician notes, we compared 1,613 notes created using intervention (VGEENS) or control (keyboard with template) created by 31 physicians. We measured three outcomes, as follows: (1) professional fee billing levels assigned by blinded coders, (2) number of elements within each note domain, and (3) frequency of organ system evaluations documented in review of systems (ROS) and physical exam.
resultsParticipants using VGEENS generated a greater portion of high-level (99233) notes than control users (31.8 vs. 24.3%,
conclusionUsing this voice with ASR system as tested slightly increases documentation of patient symptom details without reliance on copy and paste and may raise physician charges. Increased provider reimbursement may encourage hospital and provider group to offer use of voice and ASR to create hospital progress notes as an alternative to usual methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.