ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2020
Electrochemical Strategy for Hydrazine Synthesis: Development and Overpotential Analysis of Methods for Oxidative N-N Coupling of an Ammonia Surrogate.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrocatalytic reactions involving aqueous nitrate and nitrite.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Descriptor-Based Insights into Hydrazine Selectivity in Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation on Single-Atom Centers of MXenes.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- Electrochemical Synthesis of Methoxy-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Selective electrocatalytic upgrading of nitrogen oxides into hydroxylamine and hydrazine via special routes.National science review · 2025Article
- Direct generation of nitrogen-centered radicals via non-covalent interaction between Cu complexes and BiVONature communications · 2025Article
- Universal Reversible Hydrogen Potential for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Splitting Reactions in Nonaqueous Solvents from Unified pH Measurements.Inorganic chemistry · 2025Article
- Sustainable electrochemical synthesis of aliphatic nitro-Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2025Article
- Ammonium Dinitramide as a Prospective N-NOMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Upgrading of nitrate to hydrazine through cascading electrocatalytic ammonia production with controllable N-N coupling.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A Unified Synthesis of Diazenes from Primary Amines Using a SuFEx/Electrochemistry Strategy.Organic letters · 2024Article
- Interfacing High-Throughput Electrosynthesis and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Azines.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Development of a Nickel-Catalyzed N-N Coupling for the Synthesis of Hydrazides.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Heterogeneous Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation with a Ru-bda Oligomer Anchored on Graphitic Electrodes via CH-π Interactions.ACS energy letters · 2023Article
- Electrochemically Mediated Oxidation of Sensitive Propargylic Benzylic Alcohols.Organic letters · 2022Article
- Copper(ii) ketimides in spChemical science · 2021Article
- "How Should I Think about Voltage? What Is Overpotential?": Establishing an Organic Chemistry Intuition for Electrochemistry.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2021Article
- Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(spAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2021Article
- Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- Hydrazine Formation via Coupling of a Nickel(III)-NHAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2021Article
- The development of a fully integrated 3D printed electrochemical platform and its application to investigate the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrazine.Electrochimica acta · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Hydrazine is an important industrial chemical and fuel that has attracted considerable attention for use in liquid fuel cells. Ideally, hydrazine could be prepared via direct oxidative coupling of ammonia, but thermodynamic and kinetic factors limit the viability of this approach. The present study evaluates three different electrochemical strategies for the oxidative homocoupling of benzophenone imine, a readily accessible ammonia surrogate. Hydrolysis of the resulting benzophenone azine affords hydrazine and benzophenone, with the latter amenable to recycling. The three different electrochemical N-N coupling methods are (1) a proton-coupled electron-transfer process promoted by a phosphate base, (2) an iodine-mediated reaction involving intermediate N-I bond formation, and (3) a copper-catalyzed N-N coupling process. Analysis of the thermodynamic efficiencies for these electrochemical imine-to-azine oxidation reactions reveals low overpotentials (η) for the copper- and iodine-mediated processes (390 and 470 mV, respectively), but a much higher value for the proton-coupled pathway (η ≈ 1.6 V). A similar approach is used to assess molecular electrocatalytic methods for electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen.
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