ReviewAnnals of medicine2020
Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07155993 (FastForward), which is not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
FastForward: A Prospective Analysis of Long-term Fasting and Subsequent Food Reintroduction in Humans
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological and Psychiatric Consequences of Prolonged Fasting: Neurobiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intermittent Fasting and the Possible Benefits in Obesity, Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of 6-day fasting on physical performance and neuromuscular control in healthy men.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Health benefits of a five-day at-home modified fasting program: a randomised controlled trial.Genome medicine · 2026Trial
- Stable cognitive performance while adapting to intermittent fasting: A randomised controlled trial.Journal of health psychology · 2026Trial
- A Brief Web-Based and Mobile Intervention of Intermittent Fasting With Meal Support for Weight Loss Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity in Japan: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Sex-related differences in fine motor skills and muscle strength control during short-term fasting.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Is muscle and protein loss relevant in long-term fasting in healthy men? A prospective trial on physiological adaptations.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- Remodelling of the gut virome after long-term fasting.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Intermittent and periodic fasting: molecular mechanisms, health benefits and research challenges.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Time-Restricted Feeding Preserves Synaptic Function and Modulates Reelin andJournal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolic stress and muscle mechanics: Acute response of isolated soleus and EDL muscles to prolonged fasting in mice with distinct muscle phenotypes.Biology open · 2025Article
- Monitoring the Biological Impact and Therapeutic Potential of Intermittent Fasting in Oncology: Assessing Strategies and Clinical Translational Challenges.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The impact of fasting and caloric restriction on rheumatoid arthritis in humans: A narrative review.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Review
- Long-term fasting induces a remodelling of fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Case Report: Sustained weight loss and glycemic control from repeated long-term fasting in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Revisiting the (anti)inflammatory effects of prolonged fasting: the importance of baseline-dependent responses.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the effects of the main forms of fasting, activating the metabolic switch from glucose to fat and ketones (G-to-K), starting 12-16 h after cessation or strong reduction of food intake. During fasting the deactivation of mTOR regulated nutrient signalling pathways and activation of the AMP protein kinase trigger cell repair and inhibit anabolic processes. Clinical and animal studies have clearly indicated that modulating diet and meal frequency, as well as application of fasting patterns,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.