ReviewHormones (Athens, Greece)2021
Estrogen and bones after menopause: a reappraisal of data and future perspectives.
Review in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- FIGO best practice recommendations for the mental health of women at menopausal age.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Guideline
- Effect of Tai Chi exercise on bone health and fall prevention in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- The association of vasomotor symptoms with fracture risk and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Antiosteoporosis therapy after discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy: a systematic review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of 12-month probiotic supplementation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in early postmenopausal females: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Physical and mental health impact of perimenopause, menopause and post menopause in a diverse global population (MARIE Project- Global Chapter WP 2a): cross-sectional quantitative data from a mixed-methods study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Then and Now: What We Have Learned From the WHI.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- The PTSD-Bone Axis: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Management.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Complex network model reveals the positive effect of melatonin on bone parameters in rats with induced hypoestrogenism.Bone & joint research · 2025Article
- An integrated view of the pathophysiological crosstalk between adipose tissue, bone and cardiovascular system in men and women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Bone Health for Gynaecologists.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Burden, trends, and predictions of low physical activity-related diseases in China: analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2021, with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The association between age at menopause and bone health in Southwest China women: mediation effect of body mass index.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- The burden, trends, and projections of low back pain attributable to high body mass index globally: an analysis of the global burden of disease study from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The interplay between diabetes mellitus and menopause: clinical implications.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Identifying potential causal effects of age at menopause: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is effective in preventing menopause-related bone loss and decreasing vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fracture risk. MHT contains estrogens that exert both antiosteoclastic and osteoanabolic effects. These effects are dose-dependent, as even ultra-low doses preserve or increase bone mineral density. The transdermal route of administration is effective on cancellous and cortical bone, although fracture data are still lacking. Hormone replacement therapy is the treatment of choice to preserve skeletal health in women with premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. MHT can be considered in women aged < 60 years or within 10 years since menopause as, in this population, benefits outweigh possible risks, such as breast cancer and cardiovascular events. Despite the ensuing bone loss after MHT discontinuation, a residual antifracture effect persists. However, in women at risk of fracture, subsequent antiosteoporotic therapy may be needed, either with an antiosteoclastic or osteoanabolic agent. In any case, longitudinal data from randomized controlled trials comparing different estrogen doses and routes of administration, as well as designating the optimal treatment strategy after MHT discontinuation, are needed to elucidate these issues further.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.