ArticleMucosal immunology2021
A ligand-independent fast function of RARα promotes exit from metabolic quiescence upon T cell activation and controls T cell differentiation.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypoxia regulates Th17/Treg balance by altering chromatin accessibility and gene expression.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Lymphatic-Immune Microenvironment Engineering via Rapamycin-Eluting Nanofibers for Meningeal Repair and Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The Nuclear Receptor NR1B1/RARα Arrests the Differentiation of Anti-Tumor Effector Cytotoxic T Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Metabolic waypoints during T cell differentiation.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- A regulatory circuit controlled by extranuclear and nuclear retinoic acid receptor α determines T cell activation and function.Immunity · 2023Article
- Cutting Edge: The Expression of Transcription Inhibitor GFI1 Is Induced by Retinoic Acid to Rein in Th9 Polarization.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- The MYC oncogene - the grand orchestrator of cancer growth and immune evasion.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vitamin A metabolites play important roles in T cell activation and differentiation. A conventional model of RARα function relies upon retinoic acid (RA)-liganded RARα binding to specific DNA motifs to regulate gene expression in the nucleus. However, this genomic function fails to explain many of the biological responses of the RA-RARα axis on T cells. We generated a mouse line where RARα is over-expressed in T cells to probe RARα function with unprecedented sensitivity. Using this model together with mice specifically lacking RARα in T cells, we found that RARα is required for prompt exit from metabolic quiescence in resting T cells upon T cell activation. The positive effect of RARα on metabolism is mediated through PI3K and subsequent activation of the Akt and mTOR signaling pathway. This largely non-genomic function of RARα is surprisingly ligand-independent and controls the differentiation of effector and regulatory T cell subsets.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.