ArticleBMC microbiology2020
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sseK3 induces apoptosis and enhances glycolysis in macrophages.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salmonella Typhimurium hijacks a host glucose transporter for intravacuolar proliferation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of macrophage activation duringVirulence · 2025Article
- Protective effect of phage pSal-4 on chicken intestinal epithelial cells injured by Salmonella enteritidis.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain in macrophage reprogramming: Potential role in antibacterial immune response.Current research in immunology · 2024Review
- 3-Bromopyruvic acid regulates glucose metabolism by targeting the c-Myc/TXNIP axis and induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in TNBC cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of a Host-Targeted Compound to Control Typhoid Fever.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important infectious disease pathogen that can survive and replicate in macrophages. Glycolysis is essential for immune responses against S. Typhimurium infection in macrophages, and is also associated with apoptosis. S. Typhimurium secreted effector K3 (SseK3) was recently identified as a novel translated and secreted protein. However, there is no study about the role of sseK3 in the relationship between apoptosis and glycolysis in cells infected with S. Typhimurium. It is unclear whether this protein exerts a significant role in the progress of apoptosis and glycolysis in S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages.
resultsMacrophages were infected with S. Typhimurium SL1344 wild-type (WT), ΔsseK3 mutant or sseK3-complemented strain, and the effects of sseK3 on apoptosis and glycolysis were determined. The adherence and invasion in the ΔsseK3 mutant group were similar to that in the WT and sseK3-complemented groups, indicating that SseK3 was not essential for the adherence and invasion of S. Typhimurium in macrophages. However, the percentage of apoptosis in the ΔsseK3 mutant group was much lower than that in the WT and sseK3-complemented groups. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activity in the ΔsseK3 mutant group were significantly lower than in the WT group and sseK3-complemented groups, indicating that sseK3 could improve the caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activity. We also found that there were no significant differences in pyruvic acid levels between the three groups, but the lactic acid level in the ΔsseK3 mutant group was much lower than that in the WT and sseK3-complemented groups. The ATP levels in the ΔsseK3 mutant group were remarkably higher than those in the WT and sseK3-complemented groups. These indicated that the sseK3 enhanced the level of glycolysis in macrophages infected by S. Typhimurium.
conclusionsS. Typhimurium sseK3 is likely involved in promoting macrophage apoptosis and modulating glycolysis in macrophages. Our results could improve our understanding of the relationship between apoptosis and glycolysis in macrophages induced by S. Typhimurium sseK3.
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