ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2020
Developmental origins of cognitive offloading.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling children's mental rotation: insights from behavior and eye tracking.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Get the unbalance right: asymmetric transfer effects in cognitive offloading.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Article
- Cognitive offloading reduces internal memory processing in children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Can you help me? Using others to offload cognition.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- How attention and working memory work together in the pursuit of goals: The development of the sampling-remembering trade-off.Developmental review : DR · 2025Article
- The Extended Mind in Young Children: Cost-Dependent Trade-Off Between External and Internal Memory.Psychological science · 2025Article
- Left or right, that is the question: use of egocentric frame of reference and the right-eye advantage for understanding gestural signs in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Outsourcing Memory to External Tools: A Review of 'Intention Offloading'.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2023Review
- Supporting Cognition With Modern Technology: Distributed Cognition Today and in an AI-Enhanced Future.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2022Article
- Subjective Time in Dementia: A Critical Review.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Consequences of cognitive offloading: Boosting performance but diminishing memory.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2021Article
- Individual differences in cognitive offloading: a comparison of intention offloading, pattern copy, and short-term memory capacity.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2021Article
- It's in the bag: mobile containers in human evolution and child development.Evolutionary human sciences · 2020Article
- My Tablet's About to Go Dead! 5- to 6-year-old Children Adjust Their Cognitive Strategies Depending on Whether An External Resource is Reliably Available.Cognitive developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many animals manipulate their environments in ways that appear to augment cognitive processing. Adult humans show remarkable flexibility in this domain, typically relying on internal cognitive processing when adequate but turning to external support in situations of high internal demand. We use calendars, calculators, navigational aids and other external means to compensate for our natural cognitive shortcomings and achieve otherwise unattainable feats of intelligence. As yet, however, the developmental origins of this fundamental capacity for
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.