Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Cigarette Smoking and Incident Stroke in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Article
- Projected Cognitive and Brain Aging Benefits of Eliminating Cardiometabolic Risks in Non-Hispanic White and Black Males - HABS-HD.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Non-cardiac and cardiac risk for ischemic stroke in young adults: The Stanford Y-CORE (Young Cardiovascular Outcomes and Risk Evaluation) study.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Article
- Oral health behaviours and metabolic syndrome: mediation effect of lifestyle habits.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Incremental clinical value of intraplaque neovascularization in predicting recurrent ischemic stroke.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking and perceived risk of cardiovascular disease in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Case fatality rate and associated factors of mortality among first-ever stroke patients: a prospective cohort study in Erbil City, Iraq.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-cigarette Tobacco Use and Stroke Among West Africans: Evidence From the SIREN Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Improved Stroke Risk Assessment in Hypertensive Black Adults.American journal of hypertension · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Article
- EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARAOXONASE-1 ENZYME ACTIVITY, AFFECTED VOLUME, AND STROKE ONSET IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS.Acta clinica Croatica · 2023Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Relationship Between Serum Lipid Profiles and Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization in a High-Stroke-Risk Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- What the Jackson Heart Study Has Taught Us About Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the African American Community: a 20-year Appreciation.Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
- Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- Current smoking status as a predictor of cerebral infarction in men: a retrospective cohort study in South Korea.BMJ open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Blacks are disproportionately affected by stroke compared with whites; however, less is known about the relationship between stroke and cigarette smoking in blacks. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and all incident stroke in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study). Methods and Results JHS participants without a history of stroke (n=4410) were classified by self-reported baseline smoking status into current, past (smoked at least 400 cigarettes/life), or never smokers at baseline (2000-2004). Current smokers were further classified by smoking intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day [1-19 and ≥20]) and followed up for incident stroke (through 2015). Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident stroke for current and past smoking compared with never smoking were estimated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, the risk for stroke in current smokers was significantly higher compared with never smokers (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.60-3.83) but there was no significant difference between past smokers and never smokers (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.74-1.64). There was a dose-dependent increased risk of stroke with smoking intensity (HR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.38-3.86] and HR, 2.78 [95% CI, 1.47-5.28] for current smokers smoking 1-19 and ≥20 cigarettes/day, respectively). Conclusions In a large cohort of blacks, current cigarette smoking was associated with a dose-dependent higher risk of all stroke. In addition, past smokers did not have a significantly increased risk of all stroke compared with never smokers, which suggests that smoking cessation may have potential benefits in reducing the incidence of stroke in blacks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.