ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2020
Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Routine admission biomarkers for identifying co-infection and stratifying severity in pediatric macrolide-resistantTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Legionnaires' Disease Cases Hospitalized at a Specialized Infectious Disease Hospital, 2023-2024, with a Focus on Clusters Associated with Travel to a Spa Resort.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Risk factors for severeFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in 145 children: a single-centre retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin combined with azithromycin sequential therapy on clinical outcomes and immune response in children withFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Characteristics ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Submandibular infection in a healthy child caused by Legionella maceachernii.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Case Report: PositiveFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Compassionate Use of Omadacycline in a Down Syndrome Pre-Schooler With Critically Ill Atypical Pneumonia Caused by Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and clinical analysis of 291 children diagnosed withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Atypical Bacteria in Patients from Different Paediatric Age Groups Diagnosed with a Respiratory Disease.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Post-Pandemic Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections among Pediatric Inpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai, China.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Commentary: Adenovirus andFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia in paediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in Mexico: molecular diagnostic and clinical insights.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Characteristics of theAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of mNGS Technology in the Etiological Diagnosis of Severe Pneumonia in Children During the Epidemic of COVID-19.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- High specificity of metagenomic next-generation sequencing using protected bronchial brushing sample in diagnosing pneumonia in children.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The major pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. pneumoniae or C. pneumoniae is common in children and presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting disease. CAP due to L. pneumophila is very rare in children and progresses rapidly, with fatal outcomes if not treated early. M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila have no cell walls; therefore, they do not respond to β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are the treatments of choice for atypical pneumonia. Macrolides are the first-line antibiotics used in children because of their low minimum inhibitory concentrations and high safety. The incidence of pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae that harbors point mutations has been increasing since 2000, particularly in Korea, Japan, and China. The marked increase in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MRMP) is partly attributed to the excessive use of macrolides. MRMP does not always lead to clinical nonresponsiveness to macrolides. Furthermore, severe complicated MRMP responds to corticosteroids without requiring a change in antibiotic. This implies that the hyper-inflammatory status of the host can induce clinically refractory pneumonia regardless of mutation. Empirical macrolide therapy in children with mild to moderate CAP, particularly during periods without M. pneumoniae epidemics, may not provide additional benefits over β-lactam monotherapy and can increase the risk of MRMP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.