ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Quantification of Morpholine in Peel and Pulp of Apples and Oranges by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Treatment with Ozone Water and Morpholine Fatty Acid Salts Improves Postharvest Quality in Mandarin Oranges.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Distribution and human health risk of N-nitrosamines in tap water in the central region of South Korea.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Navigating the fungal battlefield: cysteine-rich antifungal proteins and peptides from Eurotiales.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Morpholine salts of fatty acids have been used in wax coatings on the surfaces of fruit and vegetable commodities in China and the United States, etc. However, morpholine usage was prohibited in many other countries because of safety concerns. We optimized analytical methods to determine morpholine in the peel and pulp of fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This morpholine analysis method was applied to real samples of apples, citrus fruits, and vegetables from Korea, China, and the U.S. The method was validated using apple and citrus fruit peels and pulp. The method detection limit (MDL) was 1.3-3.3 µg/kg. The recovery rates of morpholine were 88.6-107.2% over a fortified level of 10-400 µg/kg. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.4-9.4% and 1.5-2.8%, respectively. The morpholine concentrations were n.d. (not detected)-11.19 and n.d. (not detected)-12.82 µg/kg in apple and citrus peels, respectively. Morpholine was not detected in citrus or apple pulp samples or in vegetable samples.
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Registered trials
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