ArticlePloS one2020
Socio-economic inequalities in high blood pressure and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease among older individuals in Colombia: Results from a nationally representative study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and associated cardiometabolic factors in adults in China (2013-2023): A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Environmental justice beyond race: Skin tone and exposure to air pollution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- The Rationale for Using Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy in the Management of Hypertension in Colombia: A Narrative Review.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Review
- Hypertension care cascades and reducing inequities in cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the association of individual and contextual socioeconomic status with hypertension in 230 Latin American cities from the SALURBAL study: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- [Characteristics of the population in phase II of cardiac rehabilitation in a level IV clinic].Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia) · 2023Article
- Risk factor contributions to socioeconomic inequality in cardiovascular risk in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative survey data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and inequality in persistent undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension: Evidence from a cohort of older Mexicans.PLOS global public health · 2021Article
- Healthy aging determinants and disability among older adults: SABE Colombia.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Spatial Variations in the Risk Factors of Hypertension Across Different Age Groups in Indian Adults: Insights from the Fifth Round of NFHS (2019-21).Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies in high-income countries have documented a consistent gradient between socio-economic status (SES) and high blood pressure (HBP), a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence from Latin American countries (LA) remains comparatively scarce and inconclusive. DATA: Data for 3,984 individuals came from a nationally representative survey of individuals aged 60 years or above in Colombia (Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) (SABE) conducted in 2015. SES was measured by educational achievement and household assets. CVD risk factors included objectively measured HBP and body mass index (BMI), as well as behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetables intake, and physical activity).
methodsBivariate methods and multivariate regression models were used to assess associations between SES with HBP as well as additional risk factors for CVD.
resultsIndividuals with lower SES have significantly higher risk of suffering from HBP. Compared to those with no formal education, individuals with secondary or post-secondary education have a 37% lower risk of HBP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, P-value<0.001). Being in the highest asset quartile (most affluent) is associated with a 44% lower risk (OR = 56, P-value = 0.001) of HBP compared to those in the lowest asset quartile (most deprived). Individuals with lower SES are more likely to smoke, not engage in regular physical activity and not regularly consume fruits or vegetables. In contrast, individuals with higher SES are more likely to consume alcohol and, those with more assets, more likely to be obese.
conclusionsAmong older Colombians there exists a marked SES gradient in HBP as well as several additional risk factors for CVD. The results highlight the importance of a public health approach towards HBP and additional CVD risk factors that takes into account the specific conditions of older individuals, especially among disadvantaged groups.
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