Observational studyJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2021
Neutrophil extracellular trap inhibition increases inflammation, bacteraemia and mortality in murine necrotizing enterocolitis.
Observational study in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Paradox of NET Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Review
- Stage-specific neutrophil states in neonatal injury: from antimicrobial deficiency to pro-resolution repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Neutrophils and NETs in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The crucial role of neutrophil extracellular traps and IL-17 signaling in indomethacin-induced gastric injury in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- NETworking for Health and in Disease: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pediatric Surgical Care.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Chromatin as alarmins in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immunological aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis models: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Nomogram for Predicting Surgical Timing in Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- PADs and NETs in digestive system: From physiology to pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in urinary tract infection.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- High-dimensional mass cytometry reveals systemic and local immune signatures in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- The emerging role of neutrophilic extracellular traps in intestinal disease.Gut pathogens · 2022Review
- Advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis.BMC pediatrics · 2022Review
- Early Antibiotic Exposure Alters Intestinal Development and Increases Susceptibility to Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Mechanistic Study.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Emerging prediction methods for early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Correlation of systemic immune-inflammation Index with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease affecting primarily premature infants. The disease is characterized by intestinal inflammation and leucocyte infiltration, often progressing to necrosis, perforation, systemic inflammatory response and death. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), denoting nuclear DNA, histone and antimicrobial protein release, have been suggested to play a role in NEC. This study aimed to determine the role of NETs in NEC and explore the effect of chloramidine, a NET inhibitor, on a murine NEC-like intestinal injury model. Blood and intestinal tissues were collected from infants diagnosed with ≥ Stage II NEC, and levels of nucleosomes and NETs, respectively, were compared with those of case-matched controls. In mice, NEC was induced with dithizone/Klebsiella, and mice in the treatment group received 40 mg/kg chloramidine. Bacterial load, intestinal histology, plasma myeloperoxidase and cytokine levels, and immunofluorescent staining were compared with controls. Nucleosomes were significantly elevated in both human and mouse NEC plasma, whereas NET staining was only present in NEC tissue in both species. Chloramidine treatment increased systemic inflammation, bacterial load, organ injury and mortality in murine NEC. Taken together, our findings suggest that NETs are critical in the innate immune defence during NEC in preventing systemic bacteraemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.