ArticleGeroScience2020
Patterns of multi-domain cognitive aging in participants of the Long Life Family Study.
Article in GeroScience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cardiac Biomarkers, Subclinical Brain Vascular Changes, and Cognitive Decline: Post Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic Potential of Somatostatin and Its Analogues in Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Preclinical Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Pathway analysis of cognitive resilience factors and cognitive function in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS).Neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- The role of lipids in the effect of APOE2 on cognitive function: a causal mediation analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Distinct patterns of cognitive traits in extreme old age and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Workshop Report-Heterogeneity and Successful Aging Part I: Heterogeneity in Aging-Challenges and Opportunities.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Causal mediation analysis of the neuroprotection ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Modeling heterogeneity in cognitive trajectories in the Framingham Heart Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging: The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Review
- Rare genetic variants correlate with better processing speed.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
- Genetic insights into the causal relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Predictors of longitudinal cognitive ageing from age 70 to 82 including APOE e4 status, early-life and lifestyle factors: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Getting the brain into gear: An online study investigating cognitive reserve and word-finding abilities in healthy ageing.PloS one · 2023Article
- Signatures of Neuropsychological Test Results in the Long Life Family Study: A Cluster Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Cognitive Test Scores and Progressive Cognitive Decline in the Aberdeen 1921 and 1936 Birth Cohorts.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Use of electroencephalogram, gait, and their combined signals for classifying cognitive impairment and normal cognition.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- A novel dual-task paradigm with story recall shows significant differences in the gait kinematics in older adults with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Maintaining good cognitive function at older age is important, but our knowledge of patterns and predictors of cognitive aging is still limited. We used Bayesian model-based clustering to group 5064 participants of the Long Life Family Study (ages 49-110 years) into clusters characterized by distinct trajectories of cognitive change in the domains of episodic memory, attention, processing speed, and verbal fluency. For each domain, we identified 4 or 5 large clusters with representative patterns of change ranging from rapid decline to exceptionally slow change. We annotated the clusters by their correlation with genetic and molecular biomarkers, non-genetic risk factors, medical history, and other markers of aging to discover correlates of cognitive changes and neuroprotection. The annotation analysis discovered both predictors of multi-domain cognitive change such as gait speed and predictors of domain-specific cognitive change such as IL6 and NTproBNP that correlate only with change of processing speed or APOE genotypes that correlate only with change of processing speed and logical memory. These patterns also suggest that cognitive decline starts at young age and that maintaining good physical function correlates with slower cognitive decline. To better understand the agreement of cognitive changes across multiple domains, we summarized the results of the cluster analysis into a score of cognitive function change. This score showed that extreme patterns of change affecting multiple cognitive domains simultaneously are rare in this study and that specific signatures of biomarkers of inflammation and metabolic disease predict severity of cognitive changes. The substantial heterogeneity of change patterns within and between cognitive domains and the net of correlations between patterns of cognitive aging and other aging traits emphasizes the importance of measuring a wide range of cognitive functions and the need for studying cognitive aging in concert with other aging traits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.