ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical policy and practice2020
What influences antibiotic sales in rural Bangladesh? A drug dispensers' perspective.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dentists on Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Dental Infections in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- PPI Misuse in Bangladesh: Confronting a Silent Epidemic Through Deprescribing and Regulatory Reform-A Policy Perspective.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Lack of Knowledge and Training About Antibiotic Resistance Among Community Pharmacists in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A Codesigned Approach to Develop Tailored Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies in Bangladesh: A Social-Ecological Systems Framework Analysis.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Exploring the Factors Influencing the Non-Prescription Use of Medication in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Understanding Responsible Antimicrobial Practices and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Farmers in Rangpur, Bangladesh.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Mapping One Health antimicrobial resistance policy and implementation in Bangladesh: A scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Perspectives and Challenges of Healthcare Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers Regarding Utilizing Antibiotics and Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Operationalising Genomic Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A One Health Perspective from Bangladesh.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Formal and informal antimicrobial trade and usage in farmed animals of the urban area of Lomé, Togo.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- A pill for every ill? Unpacking antibiotic misuse among Bangladeshi university students.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Antibiotic dispensing practices in community pharmacies: Implications for antimicrobial stewardship in resource-constrained settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- From parental education to under-5 mortality: how antenatal care and hand hygiene mediate the pathway mechanisms.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Assessing community antibiotic usage and adherence as per standard treatment guidelines: A potential area to enhance awareness at community pharmacy settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities for Good Pharmacy Practices in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Engaging rural communities in Bangladesh to address antimicrobial resistance via the community dialogue approach: a protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Identification, mapping, and self-reported practice patterns of village doctors in Sitakunda subdistrict, Bangladesh.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Understanding antibiotic purchasing practices in community pharmacies: A potential driver of emerging antimicrobial resistance.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a great threat to global health, especially in low- and middle-income countries with a high infectious disease burden and limited resources. In spite of regulations, antibiotics are sold in many settings as non-prescription medicines, resulting in inappropriate use and resistance.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the current status of access and use of antibiotics in rural Bangladesh, by exploring the perspectives and sales practices of antibiotic drug dispensers.
methodsWe used a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). We mapped and characterized antibiotic purchasing and dispensing sites in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System catchment area. Furthermore, we investigated the volume of provision of systemic antibiotics in 10 drug outlets. We held 16 in-depth interviews with randomly selected antibiotics dispensers. Interviews explored factors associated with antibiotic selling. Responses were transcribed, coded for themes, and summarized. We used ATLAS.ti 5.2 for conducting a thematic analysis.
resultsA total of 301 antibiotic dispensers were identified, of whom 92% (
conclusionDispensers in rural Bangladesh sell antibiotics inappropriately by ignoring existing national regulations. They operate the antibiotic sales without facing any legal barriers and primarily with a view to sustain their business, resulting in inappropriate sales of antibiotics to the rural community. The influence of the drug industry needs to be replaced with evidence-based, not commercially driven information. Awareness programs for antibiotic providers that promote understanding of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance through tailored interventions may be helpful in changing current antibiotic sales practices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.