SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2020
Cost-effectiveness of emergency care interventions in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers to Trauma Care in South and Central America: a systematic review.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2022Pooled it
- Economic Evaluations of Child Nutrition Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of emergency care interventions in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Pooled it
- Global challenges and perspectives in acute and emergency general surgery in low and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Quality improvement in emergency units in low resource settings: a qualitative assessment for understanding challenges and delivering solutions.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- Struggling to integrate artificial intelligence in prehospital emergency care in a developing country: exploration of the Iranian experts' views based on qualitative content analysis.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasonographic evaluation of tendon injuries in hand trauma: a crucial tool for emergency care.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Observational
- Barriers and facilitators to accessing stroke care services in Tanzania: an explorative qualitative study among stroke survivors, caregivers and healthcare providers.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic review of cost-effectiveness of treating out of hospital cardiac arrest and the implications for resource-limited health systems.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews on Health Economic Evaluation Studies Based on the CHEERS Statement: An Overview of Reviews.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Resource-limited Health Systems.Research square · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Study on Mineral Processing Methods and Mineral Technical Economics of Manganese Ore in Chongqing Chengkou.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Determining the research priorities for emergency care within the Western Cape province of South Africa: A consensus study.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2024Article
- A Prospective Epidemiological Survey of Paediatric Trauma in Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study.African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS · 2024Article
- Defining measures of emergency care access in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of the multi-strategy WHO emergency care toolkit in regional referral hospitals in Uganda.PloS one · 2022Article
- Clinical and Economic Burden of Stroke Among Young, Midlife, and Older Adults in the United States, 2002-2017.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2021Article
- The costs of delivering emergency care at regional referral hospitals in Uganda: a micro-costing study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Emergency medicine - A great career field for the anaesthesiologist!Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review and appraise the quality of cost-effectiveness analyses of emergency care interventions in low- and middle-income countries.
methodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed®, Scopus, EMBASE®, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies published before May 2019. Inclusion criteria were: (i) an original cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency care intervention or intervention package, and (ii) the analysis occurred in a low- and middle-income setting. To identify additional primary studies, we hand searched the reference lists of included studies. We used the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards guideline to appraise the quality of included studies.
resultsOf the 1674 articles we identified, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified an additional four studies from the reference lists. We excluded many studies for being deemed costing assessments without an effectiveness analysis. Most included studies were single-intervention analyses. Emergency care interventions evaluated by included studies covered prehospital services, provider training, treatment interventions, emergency diagnostic tools and facilities and packages of care. The reporting quality of the studies varied.
conclusionWe found large gaps in the evidence surrounding the cost-effectiveness of emergency care interventions in low- and middle-income settings. Given the breadth of interventions currently in practice, many interventions remain unassessed, suggesting the need for future research to aid resource allocation decisions. In particular, packages of multiple interventions and system-level changes represent a priority area for future research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.