ArticleScientific reports2020
Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin systems in Pseudomonas putida are rather selfish than beneficial.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophage-encoded RexAB-type phage defense system in Pseudomonas putida.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The opposite effects of stringent response on phage infection ofmicroLife · 2026Article
- A Reporter System for Assessment of Transcription from Divergently Oriented Promoters inACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Beyond plasmid addiction: the role of toxin-antitoxin systems in the selfish behavior of mobile genetic elements.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- A bacterial toxin-antitoxin system involved in an unusual response to genotoxic stress.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Toxin-antitoxins and sigma factors may optimize the fitness of free-living bacteria throughout the life cycle via an integrated nutrient-responsive cybernetic system.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Review
- Prokaryotic homeostasis - a solution to thrive and survive.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Isolation and characterization of a phage collection against Pseudomonas putida.Environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- TheApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.Toxins · 2023Review
- Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis.Heliyon · 2023Review
- eDNA-stimulated cell dispersion fromeLife · 2023Article
- DosR's multifaceted role onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Novel insights on toxin activation across populations and experimental shortcomings.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Review
- Two NewMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Contribution of the Predicted Toxin-Antitoxin System HigBA to Persistence, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Burkholderia pseudomallei.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Biology and evolution of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- The world of ribonucleases from pseudomonads: a short trip through the main features and singularities.Microbial biotechnology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic elements among bacteria, yet, despite extensive studies in the last decade, their biological importance remains ambivalent. The ability of TA-encoded toxins to affect stress tolerance when overexpressed supports the hypothesis of TA systems being associated with stress adaptation. However, the deletion of TA genes has usually no effects on stress tolerance, supporting the selfish elements hypothesis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the cost and benefits of chromosomal TA systems to Pseudomonas putida. We show that multiple TA systems do not confer fitness benefits to this bacterium as deletion of 13 TA loci does not influence stress tolerance, persistence or biofilm formation. Our results instead show that TA loci are costly and decrease the competitive fitness of P. putida. Still, the cost of multiple TA systems is low and detectable in certain conditions only. Construction of antitoxin deletion strains showed that only five TA systems code for toxic proteins, while other TA loci have evolved towards reduced toxicity and encode non-toxic or moderately potent proteins. Analysis of P. putida TA systems' homologs among fully sequenced Pseudomonads suggests that the TA loci have been subjected to purifying selection and that TA systems spread among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer.
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