ArticleBMJ open2020
INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, but not preconception or prenatal maternal nutrition supplementation, predict neurodevelopment in offspring of the 'Women First' trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effects of Two Early Parenting Programmes on Child Aggression and Risk for Violence in Brazil: a Randomised Controlled Trial.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Trial
- Neurodevelopment, vision and auditory outcomes at age 2 years in offspring of participants in the 'Women First' maternal preconception nutrition randomised controlled trial.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Trial
- Improving neurodevelopment in Zika-exposed children: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- Adaptation of the INTERGROWTH-21st neurodevelopment assessment (INTER-NDA) to the context of the English-speaking Caribbean.BMC pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Normative growth trajectories of fetal brain regions validated by satisfactory maturation of neurodevelopmental domains at 2 years of age.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Disruption of functional network development in children with prenatal Zika virus exposure revealed by resting-state EEG.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A community-based intervention (the Omama Project) improves neurodevelopment in impoverished 2-year-old Roma children: a quasi-experimental observational study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Article
- Differential associations between body composition indices and neurodevelopment during early life in term-born infants: findings from the Pakistan cohort: Multi-Center Body Composition Reference Study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Observational
- Etiologically Based Functional Taxonomy of the Preterm Birth Syndrome.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Eggs for Improving Nutrition, cognitive development and reducing linear growth retardation among Infants and young Children (ENRICH): protocol of an egg supplementation trial among children aged 9-18 months in Hyderabad, India.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Measurement of cognition and profiling early learning environments in India, Indonesia and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Vaccination in pregnancy.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Normative spatiotemporal fetal brain maturation with satisfactory development at 2 years.Nature · 2023Article
- Home stimulation, development, and nutritional status of children under 2 years of age in the highlands of Madagascar.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
- Sleep across the first year of life is prospectively associated with brain volume in 12-months old infants.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2023Article
- Construction and validation of the Oxford Neurodevelopment Assessment (OX-NDA) in 1-year-old Brazilian children.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association between fetal abdominal growth trajectories, maternal metabolite signatures early in pregnancy, and childhood growth and adiposity: prospective observational multinational INTERBIO-21st fetal study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Observational
- A Community-based Responsive Caregiving Program Improves Neurodevelopment in Two-year Old Children in a Middle-Income Country, Grenada, West Indies.Psychosocial intervention · 2022Article
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34 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.
designPopulation-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.
settingBrazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.
participants1181 children prospectively recruited from early fetal life according to the prescriptive WHO approach, and confirmed to be at low risk of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes. PRIMARY MEASURES: Scaled INTER-NDA domain scores for cognition, language, fine and gross motor skills and behaviour; vision outcomes measured on the Cardiff tests; attentional problems and emotional reactivity measured on the respective subscales of the preschool Child Behaviour Checklist; and the age of acquisition of the WHO gross motor milestones.
resultsScaled INTER-NDA domain scores are presented as centiles, which were constructed according to the prescriptive WHO approach and excluded children born preterm and those with significant postnatal/neurological morbidity. For all domains, except negative behaviour, higher scores reflect better outcomes and the threshold for normality was defined as ≥10th centile. For the INTER-NDA's cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, language and positive behaviour domains these are ≥38.5, ≥25.7, ≥51.7, ≥17.8 and ≥51.4, respectively. The threshold for normality for the INTER-NDA's negative behaviour domain is ≤50.0, that is, ≤90th centile. At 22-30 months of age, the cohort overlapped with the WHO motor milestone centiles, showed low postnatal morbidity (<10%), and vision outcomes, attentional problems and emotional reactivity scores within the respective normative ranges.
conclusionsFrom this large, healthy and well-nourished, international cohort, we have constructed, using the WHO prescriptive methodology, international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age. Standards, rather than references, are recommended for population-level screening and the identification of children at risk of adverse outcomes.
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